2012江苏党校在职研究生-英语-复习纲要-短文翻译

PassageTranslation短文翻译(P41-46)1Researchersbelievewomenwithjustonechildhavemoresparetimetoearnmoneyandhavebecomeanimportantsourceoffamilyincomethathelpsimprovelivingstandardsandeducatechildren.Theyhaveconsequentlyimprovedwomen'sstatusinboththefamilyandsociety.Thesurveyshowedwomenwithfewerchildrenonlyspend20percentoftheirtimeonhouseholdchores,comparedt038percentforwomenwithmorechildren.Thesurveywascarriedoutaspartofnationalresearchontheresultandbenefitoffamilyplanning.2Astronomerscantelljusthowhotthesurfaceofthemoongets.Thesideofthemoontowardthesungetstwodegreeshotterthanboilingwater.Thenightsidereaches243degreesbelowzero.Inaneclipse,theearth'sshadowfallsonthemoon.Thenthemoon'stemperaturemaydrop300degreesinaveryshorttime.Atemperaturechangelikethiscannothappenontheearth.Whydoesithappenonthemoon?Astronomersthinkthatthesurfaceofthemoonisdust.Ontheearth,rocksstoreheatfromthesun.Whenthesungoesdown,therocksstaywarm.Butthedustofthemooncannotstoreheat.Sowhenthemoongetsdark,theheatescapesquickly.Themoongetsverycold.3Butin1991,underpressurefromenvironmentalistsaroundtheworld,Brazilreversedcourse.ItendedtaxfavorsthathadencouragedclearingoftheAmazonrainforest,andagreedtoaplantofinancenewforestprotectionprojects.Cattlefarmers,miners,andsettlershaveprotestedthemoveandcontinuetodestroytheforests,althoughataslowerpacethanbefore.TheconflictenlargedlastyearwhenminerskilledagroupofAmazonIndiansinordertoseizetheirland.Thegovernmentpromisesitwillprotecttheregion'snativepeople,butquestionsremainastoitstruelevelofcommitment.4Americancitiesaresimilartoothercitiesaroundtheworld.Citiescontaintheverybestaspectsofasociety.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofasociety.Americancitiesarechanging,justasAmericansocietyJschanging.AfterWorldWarII,citypeoplebecamewealthier.Theyhadmorechildren.Theyneededmorespace.Theymovedoutoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhouses.Theyboughthousesinthesuburbs.Duringthe1950stheAmericandreamwastohaveahouseinthesuburbs.Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesin1950sarenowadults.They,unliketheirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.Manyofthemaresingle;othersaremarried,butoftenwithoutchildren.Anewclassismovingintothecity-awealthierclass.5Somenewarrivalswillcomefromcultureswhereitisconsideredimpolitetoworktooquickly.Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapse,itseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant.notworthyofproperrespect.Assignmentsare,consequently,felttobegivenaddedweightbythepassageoftime.IntheU.S.,however,itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withspeed.Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinordertogetitmoving.6Peoplewhogettoknowthelimit,Ithink,musthaveexperiencedwhatitistooverdoathing.Thelimitcanbefoundafteronehasgonetoextremes.Ifyouhaven'thadsuchexperience,ifyouhavenevermademistakes,nevercherishedideasofrebellion,youwillneverfindit.Ifyoubehavetoowell,neitheroverdoanythingnormakeanymistakes,youwillnaturallyfailtofindwhat'smostsuitabletoyou.TheoffspringofAmerican-Chinesefollowthesamecourseoflifealmostwithoutexception.WhentheygotomiddleschooltheyresenttheChinesewayofeducationtheirparentshavegiventhemandlookdownupontheirpeerswiththesameChinesebackground.Duringthisperiodtheirparentsaremostnervous,quiteataloss,andthenexaminethemselvesoftheirfailureineducatingtheirchildren.7Variousnewspapersoflatecarrylettersfromreadersreflectingsocialconditionsormoreoftenrequestingsolutionstoknottyproblemsinlife.Iamfondofreadingthembecausetheymirrorthelifeandthoughtofpeopleofalldescriptions.Thesameistrueofforeignnewspapers.Someofthemhavesetupspecialcolumnswithspecialcolumnistsinchargeofansweringquestions.AnAmericanwomanjournalistnamedAnnLanderswasonceputinchargeofsuchcorrespondenceforover800newspapersrespectively.8Ofcourse,there'sabigdifferencebetweenaneventandarealnationalholiday.Tothatend,in1966,PresidentLyndonJohnsonsignedapresidentialproclamationdeclaringthe3rdSundayofeveryJuneasFather'sDay.Andin1972,RichardNixonmadeFather'sDayasatruenationalholiday-60yearsafterMother'sDayhadbeendeclaredanationalholiday!Father'sDayisadayofcommemorationandcelebrationofDad.Itisadaytonotonlyhonoryourfather,butallmenwhohaveactedasafatherfigureinyourlife-whetherasStepfathers,Uncles,Grandfathers,orBigBrothers.9ManyAmericansfindsilenceuncomfortable.Theywillsayanythingtofillanyquietnessifitextendsformorethanamoment.Studentsoftenstudywiththeirradiosblaring;housewivesleavetelevisionsonforthe'companionship'ofsoundeventhoughtheymaybeworkinginsomeotherroom.lfyouaresilentforlongperiods,theywilldotheirbestto'drawyouout'orwillaskifyoufeelallrightorifthereisanythingtheycandotohelpyou.Oneaspectofsilencecanbeconfusing;however,ifAmericansdisagreewithwhatyouaresaying,Manyofthemwillremainquiet.Thismaynotindicateagreement;oftenitonlymeansthattheyconsideritimpolitetoarguefurther.1OSomedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscanthewebsiteyou'vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebi