2016Unit-3-Traditional-skills语法总结

1Unit3Traditionalskills温故知新1.按照要求写单词。describe(v.)-(n.)hang(v.悬挂)----（过去式）--（过去分词）hang(v.绞死)--（过去式）-（过去分词）fit（同义词）----____________simple（同义词）----________reach(同义词组)__----_______________luck(n.)----(adj.)---(adv.)lucky（反义词）----____________attract(v.)--(adj.)----___________(n.)尽管_____需要_____________剪刀__________有吸引力的，迷人的_文字；符号；人物；角色_____2.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。1.Whatdoesyourfatherlooklike?Canyoud______________her?2.Tomoftentakesexercises,soheisveryf_________.3.Youneedapairofs_____________tomakepapercutting.4.Tom’sflightwillr__________Shenzhenat10:00..5.Myfatherisaf___________.Hemakesalivingbfishing.6.MountTaihasmanyl__________scenes.7.Thestoryiswrittenins___________English.8.Hisgrandfatherisinbadh__________.9.Theworkr__________moretimeandpeople..10.Papercuttinga______________children’sattention.3.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Tomoftenpractises___________(speak)Englisheveryday.2.Therearetwo___________(fishman)ontheboat.3.Glassesis__________(make)intobottle..4.Youngtreesrequire____________(plant)inSpring.5.Ilikethekiteverymuch.It’svery___________(love).6.Hewasn’tusedto___________(eat)inarestaurant.7.Ikeepthedoor___________(open)toletfreshaircomein.8.heheavyrainpreventedusfrom__________(climb)themountain..9.Weuse_________(scissor)tocutthings.10.Tokeep___________(health),heeatalotofvegetables.2语法总结：被动语态一、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换Eg：Wevisitedthefactorylastsummer.主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thefactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer.被动语态主语谓语宾语状语二、被动语态的结构与用法：㈠结构：be+done(过去分词)被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am,is,are也可能是was,were或原形be。注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。㈡用法：例：①Ｈistoryismadebythepeople.(一般现在时)②ＴhecarsweremadeinTianjingin1995.(一般过去时)③Thetreewillbecutdownnextyear.(一般将来时)④Ｔheroommustbekeptclean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）⑤Thedoorisbeingopened.（现在进行时）⑥Thefilmhasbeenseenbyme.（现在完成时）注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneHeisaskedtodothis.一般过去时was/weredoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.一般将来时willbedone现在进行时isbeingdoneThenovelisbeingwritten.过去进行时wasbeingdone现在完成时hasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.三、被动语态的各种句型：１、Ｔhesongislikedbyyoungpeople.(肯定句)3２、Ｔhesongisn’tlikedbyyoungpeople（否定句）３、Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?（一般疑问句）４、Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?（特殊疑问句）四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语⑵动词改为变动形式bedone(同时注意时态)⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去例：Themankilledatiger.→Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)五、特殊句型的被动语态：⑴含有使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（hear,see,listento,lookat,find,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。例：①Motheroftenmakesmedosomehousework.→②Wesawhimrunintotheclassroom.→He⑵teach,give,pass,show,buy,tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例：①Ｓhegavemeapen.=Shegaveapentome.→Iwasgivenapenbyher.→Apenwasgiventomebyher.②Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.=Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme.→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举过两例)例：①Ｗeshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.→Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely(byus).4②Hetookawaythebox..→Thebox⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）例：①主谓宾宾补→ＨeiscalledXiaoMabyus.②Hefoundthebookveryinteresting.→Thebookwasfoundveryinterestingbyhim.六、没有被动语态的动词：1.没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost,fit,have,suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen=takeplace,breakout(爆发)，breakdown(坏了)等不及物动词或短语以及诸如resultfrom(缘于)，belongto,consistof等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态２不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,last,lie,remain,sit,spread（传播）,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,...３.大多数系动词：be,feel(摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例：①Ｔheskirtfeelsverysoft.这件裙子摸起来很柔软。②Manychangeshavehappenedinourhometown.③Thefilmlastedfor3hours.跟踪练习1.Myhomework________anhourago.A.finishB.finishedC.wasfinished2.Theshoes_________inGuangdong.A.makeB.aremadeC.made3.Lotsoftrees___________intheforestlastyear.(plant)4.Lucyborrowedabookyesterday.（变为被动语态）______________________________________________________________句型转换Myhomeworkwasfinishedtwohoursago.否定句____________________________________________________一般疑问句_________________________________________________肯定回答____________________________________________________5否定回答____________________________________________________练习1、语言知识与运用()1.Ahalfofthenews_____inEnglish.A.iswritingB.writesC.arewrittenD.iswritten()2.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked()3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten()4.Thequestion____byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed()5.Thelibrary____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt()6.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown()7.Thepicture______inOctober,2008.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken()8.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing()9.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor.A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.he