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2020/1/14Lookatthesesentences例句1:Themanwho/thatwashereyesterdayisamiddleschoolteacher.1.先行词—man(即从句修饰的名词或代词);2.关系代词—who/that(修饰人)。例句2:ThisisthetownwhereIwasborn.1.先行词—town(即从句修饰的名词);2.关系副词—where(修饰地点,从句中状语)。2020/1/14一、定语从句及相关概念定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。2020/1/14一、定语从句及相关概念如果是一个句子担任定语,那么这个句子就是定语从句。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.定语从句2020/1/141.概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。放在先行词之后ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词关系词2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词。分关系代词和关系副词4.关系词的作用:①连接作用,引导定语从句。②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。2020/1/14关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾which物主、宾who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语2020/1/14二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.先行词和关系代词的种类先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwhom(who),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich2020/1/14关系代词的使用取决于先行词,它们的关系非常密切,因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后,而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thewomanismymother.SheisspeakingatthemeetingThewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.2020/1/14判断步骤:(1)要判断出先行词(2)要确定关系代词(即先行词)在从句中所担任的成分(3)要确定关系代词的人称和数注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制Thewomanwho(that)spokenyesterdayismymother.2020/1/142.定语从句的辨认与使用思考步骤:(1)找出先行词a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性b.确定从句位置(一般在先行词之后)(2)确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格(3)确定从句时态Doyouknowtheboymymotheristalkingto?2020/1/143.各关系代词的使用方法(1)who(whom)who代人,在从句担任主语,也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom,前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom(结构:介词+whom)。例如:ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.Sheisthegirlwho/whomImetthatday.Thedoctortowhomshesentherfriendisveryfamous2020/1/14注:为以下情况时,who不与that通用a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who.b.当先行词有较长定语时用whoImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskedmequestionsinChinese.c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that另一个用who.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.d.在therebe开头的句中用who2020/1/14(2)whose是代词的所有格,即可代人,又可代物。Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebagwhosecoverisred.(3)That只用于限定性定语从句中,介词后不能跟that,而跟which.Hismotherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,whichisgoodforherhealth.在限定性定语从句中,which和that都指物时,可通用。Thepicturethat/whichwasdrawnbyTomwasnice.2020/1/14使用关系词应注意的问题下列情况必须用“that”,不能用“which”:1.先行词all,anything,something,nothing,everythingIsthisallthatisleft?(就剩下这一个了吗?)2.先行词none,much,only修饰。Theonlythingthatisimportantistofindourwayhome.(唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。)3.先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。Thisisthebestfilm(that)I’veeverseen.(这是我看过的最好的电影。)2020/1/144.“time”做先行词表示“……次”。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.(这是我第一次去北京。)5.先行词既有人又有物:Mariatookphotosofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句在非限定性定语从句中,先行词指物时只能用“which”,不能用“that”,而且“which”不能省略。ThisisJohn’sbook,whichisveryinteresting.(这是约翰的书,这本书很有趣。)2020/1/14在非限定性定语从句中,只用which,不用that.在限定性定语从句中只用which,而不用that的情况。a.关系代词前有介词时Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.b.如果有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系词是that,另一句用which.LetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.2020/1/14关系代词与介词1.当介词放在关系代词前时,介词宾语只能用which代物,whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。例如:IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.2.介词在末尾时,可用that/which(代物),that/whom/who(代人)做介词的宾语,切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如:Theman(whom/who/that/)hewantstoseeisinShanghai.2020/1/14三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词是用来引导定语从句的作用:(1)在定语从句中替代先行词(2)在从句中担任状语成分,起副词和介词短语的作用(3)起连接作用,把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句关系副词:where/when/why.各关系副词的用法:2020/1/14由关系副词引导的定语从句引导词:whenwherewhy1.Istillremembertheday____IfirstcametoBeijing.先行词“theday”在从句中做状语,表示时间:IfirstcametoBeijingontheday.(所以用关系副词when。)比较:Istillremembertheday(_________)wespendtogether.先行词“theday”在从句中做spend宾语:Wespendthedaytogether.(所以在该句中用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)2020/1/142.Thisistheplace_____weworkedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做状语,表示地点:Weworkedintheplacelastyear.(所以用关系副词where。)比较:Thisistheplace(_________)wevisitedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做visited的宾语:Wevisitedtheplacelastyear.(所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)先行词在从句中做状语,用关系副词;先行词在从句中做宾语或主语,用关系代词。2020/1/143.Thatisthereason(____)hedislikesme.Thatis(thereason)whyhedislikesme.先行词“thereason”表示原因,用关系副词why.该句中可省略先行词,或省略关系副词。关系代词:1.先行词是人——2.先行词是物——关系副词:1.先行词是时间——2.先行词是地点————3.先行词是原因————————2020/1/14Practice(练习)1.Thebeautifulcardisfrommyfriend_____livesinAustralia.这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利亚的朋友寄给我的。2.IborrowedthebikefromTom____fatherisateacher.我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那借的自行车。2020/1/144.Weliveontheearth,____ismuchbiggerthanthemoon.(非限定性定语从句)我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。(“theearth”在从句中做主语)3.Thisistheearth_____welive.这就是我们居住的地球。(“theearth”在从句中做状语)5.Istillremembertheday____Marymadeachocolatecake.我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那一天。(“theday”在从句中做状语)2020/1/141.Thisisthecomrade__________willgotothesouthwithustomorrow.2.Who'sthestudent__________theteacheristalkingwith?3.Ilikethepresent__________you'vesenttome.4.Thenurse____________________wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.5.Thisisthemostdifficultjob__________we'veeverdone.who/thatthatthat/whichwho/whom/thatthat2020/1/14将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。1.Heistheyoungwriter.Hewrotethebook.→2.TheforeignguestisMr.Green.Yousawhimattheschoolgate.→Hewhowrotethebookistheyoungwriter.Theforeignguestwho/whomyousawattheschoolgateisMr.Green.2020/1/143.I'vereceivedthebook.Fathersentittome.→4.Doyouseethebridge?Itwasbuiltlastyear.→5.Thebikewasnotgood.Youwantedtobuyit.→I’vereceivedthebookwh
本文标题:初中定语从句
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