Analysis-of-Ecofeminism-in-Tess-of-the-d’Urbervill

南通大学毕业设计（论文）IAnalysisofEcofeminisminTessofthed’UrbervillesthroughImages摘要托马斯·哈代在《德伯家的苔丝》中运用了大量的象征手法,成功地刻画了苔丝这样一个生活在乡村的普通妇女的悲剧形象。苔丝的命运代表了当时许许多多英国农村下层妇女的命运，她的悲剧是个人性格与社会环境冲突的悲剧。这篇论文主要通过分析小说中的自然景物、动物及场景等意象来阐明《德伯家的苔丝》中蕴含的丰富的生态女性主义思想。生态女性主义者从女性与自然的渊源关系批判了启蒙时期形成的价值等级观念和男权统治制度，呼吁人们要共织生命之网，创造一个与自然相互依存的世界。文章透过意象从生态女性主义的角度分析哈代的作品,更能体现生态与女性的关系,从而揭示哈代的生态女性观。关键词：意象，生态女性主义，女性，自然，父权制社会南通大学毕业设计（论文）IIABSTRACTThomasHardyisanoutstandingEnglishwriterwhopossessesaveryimportantpositioninthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Tessofthed’Urbervillesisoneofthegreatestnovelsofhisworks.Inthisnovel,Hardyuseslargeamountsofimagestocreateatragicfigure--Tess,whoisanordinarywomanlivesinthecountryside.HerdestinyrepresentsthoseofnumerousEnglishwomenlivinginthelowersocietyatthattime.Tess’stragedyisformedbyherownpersonalitiesandtheconflictswiththesocialsurroundings.ThispaperaimstoillustratetheecofeminismshowninTessofthed’Urbervillesthroughanalyzingrepresentativeimagesinthenovel,suchasimagesofnature,imagesofanimalsandimagesofscenes.Fromtheaspectoftheoriginalrelationshipbetweenwomanandnature,EcofeministscriticizethevalueofhierarchyandsystemofpatriarchalcontrolformedduringtheEnlightment,hopingtoappealpeopletocreateaharmoniousanddependantsocietywiththenature.Analyzingthenovelfromtheperspectiveoftheecofeminismthroughimages,thispaperwillrevealtherelationshipbetweenwomenandnaturebetter,thustohighlightHardy’sviewonwomenandnature.Keywords:images;Ecofeminism;women;nature;Patriarchalsociety南通大学毕业设计（论文）III摘要………………………………………………………………..IABSTRACT……………………………………………………….IIAcknowledgements……………………………………………………III1Introduction…………………………………………………………..12Tess,theDaughterofNature…………………………………………22.1Tess’sSufferingReflectedthroughFog……………………..22.2Tess’sHopeReflectedthroughStarsandSun………………..32.3Tess’sBeautyReflectedthroughFlowers…………………….43Tess,ChangefulFateReflectedthroughNaturalScenery………….53.1Tess’sLivingEnvironment…………………………………...53.2TransitionofSeasons…………………………………………64Tess,VictimofPatriarchalSociety…………………………………...84.1Birds,SymbolofHopeandFreedomforTess……………….84.2Tess,SimilartoRabbits,HavingnoResistance…………….104.3CowsandCocks,SymbolsofTess’sTragicFate……….......115Conclusion……………………………………………………………12References………………………………………………………………13南通大学毕业设计（论文）11IntroductionAsisknowntoall,ThomasHardyisaremarkablenineteenth-centurynovelist.Hisnovelsmainlydescribethecharactersandtheenvironmentofhisnativecountryside.TheyincludeUndertheGreenwoodTree,FarfromtheMaddingCrowd,TheReturnofNative,Tessofthed’Urbervilles,etc.Amongthem,Tessofthed’UrbervillescanberegardedasthesummitofHardy’sliterarycreation.Sinceitsfirstpublicationin1891,ithasgainedgreatsuccess.Inrecentyears,manyforeignanddomesticscholarshavestudiedTessofthed’Urbervillesfromvariousaspects,includingtheanalysisofthereasonsforTess’stragedy,charactersinthenovel,moralsignificanceandtheauthor’sviewpoints.However,thisthesisisintendedtoanalyzetheecofeminisminTessofthed’Urbervillesthroughrepresentativeimages.Ecofeminismemergedinthe1970swithanincreasingconsciousnessoftheconnectionsbetweenwomenandnature.Theterm“ecofeminism,”whichattemptedtodescribe“woman’spotentialtoaffectenvironmentalchange,”wasintroducedbyFrancoised’Eaubonnein1974.Itseekstopayattentiontowomen’sroleandhasbeenusedinavarietyofwayssinceitsintroduction.Ecofeminismcanbeunderstoodasananalysisofenvironmentalissuesandconcernsfromfeminists.Itisanacademicmovementthatseescriticalconnectionsbetweenthedominationofnatureandtheexploitationofwomen.Ecofeminists’sopinionmainlyhasthreepoints.First,theybelievethatwomen,thesymbolofthenature,aremuchclosertonaturethanmen.Second,thephenomenonthatwomenareoppressedbymenisconsistentwiththelawthatnaturehasbeenseriouslydevastatedfromhumanbehavior,andallthesearedeterminedbytheconceptofmale-domination.Third,theoriginofwomen’smisfortunederivesfromthedestructionofnaturalresources,maleconsciousnessandgenderdomination.Inthenovel,Hardycombinesthedescriptionofenvironmentandthecharacters南通大学毕业设计（论文）2together.Tess,apurewoman,isclosetothenatureandallherlifeisblendedwiththesurroundings.Whensheishappyandlucky,everythingisbright;however,asmisfortunesfallonher,allthesurroundingswillbegloomyanddark,coveredwithapessimisticcolor.ThisessayaimstoanalyzetheecofeminismshowninTessofthed’Urbervillesthroughtherepresentativeimagesinthenovel,suchasimagesofnature,imagesofanimalsandimagesofscenes.Thusitwillrevealtherelationshipbetweenwomenandnaturebetter,thustohighlightHardy’sviewonwomenandnature.2Tess,theDaughterofNature2.1Tess’ssufferingreflectedthroughfogEcofeministsbelievethatwomen,thesymbolofthenature,aremuchclosertonaturethanmen.Women’ssituationinreallifecanbeconnectedwithwhatthenaturehassuffered.Fogcreatesaverymysticimageinthestory.Inthisnovel,wecanseethattherearenumeroussettingswhereThomasHardyemergesfoganddarkness.ItisonadarknightthatTessisseducedbyAlecintheChaseWoods.“…tillafaintluminousfog,whichhashunginthehollowsalltheevening,becamegeneralandenvelopedthem.Itseemedtoholdthemoonlightinsuspension,renderingitmorepervasivethaninclearair…inthisgrowingfogyoumightwanderforhoursamongt