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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 质量控制/管理 > (借鉴)语流现象连读加音爆破同化省音弱读
CopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE1连读、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱读、浊化——英语常见语流现象1.连读:两个相邻单词首尾音素自然的拼读在一起,中间不停顿,被称为连读。连读只发生在同一意群之内,即意思联系紧密的短语或从句之内。1)词尾辅音+词首元音,如:Standˆup.Notˆatˆall.Putˆitˆon,please.Pleasepickˆitˆup.I'mˆanˆEnglishboy.Itˆisˆanˆoldbook.Letmehaveˆalookˆatˆit.MsBlackworkedinˆanˆoffice.Icalledyouhalfˆanˆhourˆago.2)词尾不发音r或re+词首元音,词尾r发音/r/。如:farˆawayHereˆisaletterforyou.Hereˆarefourˆeggs.whereˆismycup?Whereˆareyourbrotherˆandsister?CopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE2They'remyfatherˆandmother.Ilookedforˆithereˆandthere.Thereˆisafootballunderˆit.Thereˆaresomebooksonthedesk.注:当有意群进行停顿时不可连读。如:Isˆitahatorˆacat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)Thereˆisˆagoodbookinmydesk.(book与in之间不可以连读)CanyouspeakˆEnglishorFrench?(English与or之间不可以连读)Shallwemeetatˆeightortentomorrowmorning?(meet与at,eight与or之间不可以连读)Sheopenedthedoorandwalkedˆin.(door与and之间不可以连读)2.加音:在连贯的语流中,人们往往会在两个元音之间加入一个外加音帮助发音,从而更加流畅地表达意思。1)词尾元音/ʊ,u:/+词首元音,在词尾加上一个轻微的/w/。如:Gowaway.Howwandwhydidyoucomehere?CopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE3Thequestionistooweasyforhimtoanswer.2)词尾元音/ɪ,i:/+词首元音,在词尾加上一个轻微的/j/。如:IjamChinese.Shecan'tcarryjit.Ijalsoneedthejotherone.Hejisveryfriendlytome.ShewantstostudyjEnglish.It'lltakeyouthreejhourstowalkthere.3.失去爆破与不完全爆破:1)失去爆破:爆破音+爆破音当两个爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/相邻时,前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍,而不爆破出来,稍微停顿后即发出后面的辅音。前一个爆破音被称为失去爆破。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如:Kept/Blackboard/Notebook/Goodbye/September/SuitcaseBigboySharppencilWhattimeYoumustpay.AskBobtositbehindme.CopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE4Shetookgoodcareofthechildren.2)不完全爆破:A)爆破音+摩擦音爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/与摩擦音/f,v,s,z,ʃ,ʒ,θ,ð,r,h/相邻时,产生不完全爆破。发摩擦音时,发音器官并不形成阻碍而只形成一个很狭小的缝隙,让气流从缝隙中摩擦而出。如果一个爆破音与摩擦音相接,它爆破冲出的气流只能从狭小的缝隙中通过,这种爆破是不完全的。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如:Advance/SuccessAgoodviewOldfriendsJustthenGetthroughMakesureNightshowKeepsilence.Keepthatinmind.B)爆破音+破擦音爆破音与破擦音/tʃ,dʒ,tr,dr/相邻时,产生不完全爆破。如:Picture/ObjectThatchildCopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE5GoodjobSweetdreamGreatchangesAfasttrainC)爆破音+鼻辅音爆破音与鼻辅音/m,n,ŋ/相邻时:在词中,不完全爆破;在词尾,鼻腔爆破。如:Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/GardenGoodmorningGoodnightStartnowIdon’tknowJustmomentAgoodneighborD)爆破音+边辅音爆破音与边辅音/l/相邻时:在词中,不完全爆破;在词尾,舌侧爆破。如:Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyAbitlouderI’dliketoStraightlineGoodluckAtlastCopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE6Atlunch4.同化:人们在说话的时往往会不自觉地让一个音受相邻音的影响,使它们变得与其相同或相似;或者两个音互相影响,变为第三个音。这两种现象被称为音的同化。同化可以发生在同一个词、复合词内或者句子相邻词之间。1)因声带的影响而发生的同化:A)浊辅音可变为清辅音,如:of(v→f)course,his(z→s)pen,with(ð→θ)pleasure。B)清辅音可变为浊辅音,如:like(k→g)that。2)因发音部位的影响而发生的同化:A)/t/+/j/→/tʃ/。如:Don’thurtyourself!I’llletyougothistime.Don’tyoudothatagain.It’sverynicetomeetyou.B)/d/+/j/→/dʒ/。如:Didyoursistercome?Wouldyoupleasecomein?CopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE7Couldyoureadthisformeplease?Youdidn’tlikeEnglish,didyou?C)/s/+/j/→/ʃ/。如:Imissyou.MayGodblessyou.Wewillcomethisyear.D)/z/+/j/→/ʒ/。如:Here’syourticket.Iloveyoubecauseyouareyou.Don’texpecthetellsyouthetruth.5.省音:在快速、随便的言语中,一些音素被省略掉,被称为省音。省音能提高语速,使说话省力。在正式场合和语速慢的情况下,省音不是必须的。1)同一单词内元音的省略,主要是非重读音节中的/ə/和/ɪ/,如:ord(i)n(a)ry。2)当前一单词以辅音结尾,后一单词以/ə/开头时,/ə/常被省略,如:walk(a)way。3)当前一单词以否定形式-n't结尾,后一单词以辅音开头时,/t/常被忽略,如:CopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE8Sheisn'(t)there.Ididn’(t)hearyou.Hecan’(t)believethat.4)任何一个辅音,若后面紧跟着/h/,/h/可以不发音。如:Come(h)ere!Must(h)e/ti/go?Whatwill(h)e/wili/do?Has(h)edoneitbefore?Tell(h)imtoask(h)er…5)将多个单词利用连读爆破等拼和在一起。如:gotta(gotto)gonna(goingto)kinda(kindof)lotsa(lotsof)gimme(giveme)6.强读式和弱读式:在一个句子,有些词说得又轻又快,而且较为含糊,有些词则说得又重又慢,而且较为清晰。那些说得响亮而清晰的词就是句子重音所在。实词(包括名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词疑问词等)一般都接受句子重音,为重读词,采用强读式;虚词(包括介词、代词、连CopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE9词、冠词、助动词、情态动词等功能词)一般都不接受句子重音,为非重读词,采用弱读式。6.1一般规律:1)弱读式只出现在句子的非重读词中。如:Passme/mɪ/the/ðə/book.me、the弱读。2)单词单独出现或在句首或句尾时,都采用强读式。如:Whatareyoulisteningto/tu:/?3)被特别强调的词,无论实词还是虚词都采用强读式。如:Iam/æm/Peter.我就是皮特。6.2虚词弱读规律:1)长音变短音,如:she/ʃi:/弱读/ʃɪ/。2)元音前面的辅音被省略,如:him/hɪm/弱读/ɪm/。3)辅音前面的元音被省略,如:am/æm/弱读/m/。4)元音一般弱读为/ə/,如:can/kæn/弱读/kən/。5)部分虚词有多种弱读式,如:would/wʊd/弱读/əd,d/。7.浊化:1)/s/后面的清辅音要浊化。如:/k/浊化成/g/:scar/school/discussion/t/浊化成/d/:stand/student/mistakeCopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE10/p/浊化成/b/:spring/spirit/expression2)美音中,当/t/出现在两个元音之间并且处于非重读位置的时候,/t/需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。这样,writer听起来和rider的发音几乎没有区别。如:Letter/water/better/duty/bitter/cityIgotit.Wouldyoupleasepickitup?注:/t/如果处于重读位置的话,即使在两个元音之间也不需要浊化。请比较:清晰的/t/浊化的/t/I'talian'Italya'tomic'atomLa'tino'Latinpho'tographer'photograph3)美音中,当/t/前面是一个元音,后面是一个模糊的/l/,且处于非重读位置,/t/也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。如:Battle/bottle/cattle/little/rattle/settle4)美音中,当/t/前面是一个清辅音或前鼻音/n/,后面是一个元音,且处于非重读位置,/t/也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。如:Twenty/fifty/center/after/faster/actor/sister/yesterday朗读练习:1.TherearemanythingstoconsiderwhenyouarelookingCopyrightReservedSpeakingCeciliaXIE11forahouse,whetheryouintendtobuyoronlyrent.Afterall,itisgoingtobeyourhome,perhapsforquitealongtime,andyouwanttobehappywithit.Youhavetodecideexactlywhatkindofhouseyouwant,howmuchyoucanaffordtopay,andthetypeofneighborhoodyouwishtolivein.However,it’salwayseasytoforgetallabove,becauseit’smostprobablythatyou’llfallinlovewiththehouseforsaleatthefirstsight.2.YouthYouthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsand
本文标题:(借鉴)语流现象连读加音爆破同化省音弱读
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