电动汽车动力电池管理系统的研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文电动汽车动力电池管理系统的研究姓名：姜国权申请学位级别：硕士专业：动力机械及工程指导教师：朱建新20090201I()BMS(BatteryManagementSystem)SOCSOHIIMATLAB/SimulinkSOCSOCSOCABSTRACTIIISTUDYOFPOWERBATTERYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMINELECTRICVEHICLESABSTRACTEnergyshortagesandenvironmentalpollutionistwoofmajorchallengestheworldautomobileindustryfaces,sothatitisveryurgenttoresearchanddevelopthenewengery-savingandenvironemently-friendlynewenergyvehicles.HybridElectricVehicle(HEV)currentlyisthemostavorablesolution,whichcombinesthemeritsofbothtradictionalandpureElectricVehicles,sothatitispromisinginvariousapplicationsbyeffectlyreducingtheemissionandsavingtheenergycomsuption.Asakeypowercomponentofelectricvehicles,dynamicbatterieshaveaverysignificantimpactoftheHEV’sdevelopmentintermsoftheoperationperformance,securityandeconomy.Thestudyofdynamicbatterymanagementsysteminelectricvehiclegenerallycanbedividedintotwoparts:batterypackage’smechanicalintegrationandbatterymanagementsystem(BMS).Themechanicalintegrationissuefocusesonthebatterybox’sspatialarrangementtomeetboththeinternalspatialrequirementofthebatterylayoutandtheexternalspatialrequirementofthecompactwiththeoriginalvehicle’sspace.Theassemblyshellaimstobewaterproof,dustproof,andinsulation,containingserial-connectionbatterypacks,necessarysensors,ventilationfans,BatteriesManagerBMS(BatteryManagementSystem),andthepowercables.Themonitorandoptimizationofbatteryparameters(mainlyvoltage,current,temperature)monitorandoptimizationarethemaintasksoftheBMS.ThefurtherBMScontrolandpreciseestimationofSOCandSOHwiththehelpofreasonableandeffectivemathematicalalgorithmsandstrategiesarebasedontheaccuracyofaboveparameter,resultinginreal-timeandflexiblecontrolonthebatteryoperationduringthecar’scruise.Inaddition,ABSTRACTIVthehighvoltageisanimportantissueconcerningtheHEV’ssafetymanagement,whichalsoshouldbepaidmuchattention.Thisthesisintroducesandanalyzesomeexistingbatterymodel,andchoosethepopularPNGVmodeltoidentifyandanalyzethedynamicparameterbyimplementingdeliberatemathematicalmethodsandExcelfunction,whichcontributestonotonlytheeffectmodelingandsimulationintheMATLAB/Simulinkwithareferencesignificance,butalsothesolutionoftheresidentcapacityestimation,whichcanimprovetheaccuracyofSOCestimation.PowerbatteriesareusuallydozensorevenhundredsinseriestomeettheHEV’senergydemand.Becauseofthemanufacturingprocess’constraints,thebattery’spropertyhavetheirdifferencewhentheyareproduced,andthedifferencewillextendduringthepracticaloperation(i.e.,somebatterywillshortenitslifespanandresidualcapacitymoresharplythentheothers)Theperformanceofthewholebatterypackageissubjecttotheworstbatteryindividualduetoitsserialconnection.Althoughadeliberatepre-matchofthebatterypackagecan,tosomeextent,reducetheunbalancedinfluence,stillcannotfundamentallysolvethisproblem.TheBMStogetherwithitsequalizationsubsystem(ES)isnecessarytooptimizethedailyoperationofthebattery,avoidingdramaticunbalance.Inaccordancewiththeactualbatteryimbalancesphenomenon,thisthesishasdesignedafeasibleESwithithighdischarge,lowchargesystemarchitecture(i.e.,dischargethebatteryinhighvoltageandcapacitywhilechargethebatteryinlowvoltageandcapacity).Consideringthelithium-ionbattery’sinstabilityduringitsoperation,especiallythehighnonlinearrelationbetweenthevoltageandcapacityattheendofitschargeanddischargeprogress,weproposeda“capacity-oriented,controlthetime”equalizationstrategy,inordertoachieveabetterequalizationeffectoverall.Keywords:DynamicBatteries,BatteryManagementSystem,ModelParametersIdentification,BatteryEqualization,ControlStrategy20092282009228200922811.120-301-1PEVHEVFCEV[1][2][3]18.520.322.38.9223.721.623.926.510.661.967.569.274.329.7220.821.823.310.225.524.70102030405060708020052009201220202020HEV+FCEVAmericaEuropeOceanaTotal1-1Fig.1-1Globalautosalesforecast(inmillions)EV21-22008Fig.1-2ChinaAutomakerEngageinHEVDevelopmentin2008HybridElectricVehicle(APU)()Plug-InPHEVDuo-ModeBYDF3DM1-2()40%FCEV31.21-1[4]1-1(Wh/kg)(W/kg)()()()()4080500800401201402000150350601201000200040100250600150450-1005020060PEMFC3503501007010060COAFC7010070CO2PAFC15021040MCFC55065060SOFC10001100604(1).16(2).2000(3).Pruis50%1.2V95Wh/kg900W/kg1000-40~+55[5]2060702070805209019841988Ovonic198920801990AA2005863(4).20-3.045V3.2V~4.2V31.5399%55~65%6%1000USABC180Wh/kg2000W/kg1000USABC2010200Wh/kg400W/kg500[6]PruisBYDPlug-inF3DM8631-261-286382050100≥1800≥700≥500≥65≥110≥110≥70≥120≥12030C(20S)6C(30S)5C(30S)10C(10S)1C(60S)1C(60S)≤2.0≤3.0≤2.5≤3.0≤2.0≤2.00.022.0-25-60(m)(V)(%)()-40-8090%5100%315()10()(Ah)()(/kWh)(W/kg)()(28)SOC(%)1-3012345620052006200720082009201020112012201320142015WorldwideHEVSales(Mio)0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%Li-ionMarketShareinHEVHEVLi-ion1-3HEVFig.1-3GlobalHEVandLi-ionMarketData7(5).(1)./USABC1992LawrenceLivermoreLosAlamosMaxwellGE1996SAFTAlcatel-AsthomFiat6Wh/kg1500W/kg10“”NEWSUNSHINE10Wh/kg600W/kg5Wh/kg2500W/kg50,000(2).8563km15min480~640km1.3(1).(2).(3).(4).SOCSOC[7][8]9[8][9](1).(2).(3).SOCSOCSOCSOC(4).(5).101.4(1).(2).(3).MATLAB/SimulinkSOC(4).SOC11SOCSOH2.12-1(1).(2).12(3).(4).BMS(5).(6).9015(7).(a)(a)Externaloverallstruc