2011年理工类职称英语教材新增文章

理工类职称英语教材新增文章下载2011年理工类职称英语教材新增文章免费下载阅读理解新增文章（阅读理解新增文章（共6篇）目录：第三十四篇(B级)：BatteriesBuiltbyViruses第三十八篇(B级)：LongerLivesforWildElephants第四十五篇(A级)：SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers第四十六篇(A级)：MarvelousMetamaterials第三十四篇BatteriesBuiltbyVirusesWhatdochickenpox,thecommoncold，theflu，andAIDShaveincommon?They'realldiseasecausedbyviruses，tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It’snowonder1thatwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearof2virusesiswhat'sonpeople'sminds.Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though3.InCambridge，Massachusetts4,scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputtingvirusestowork，teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld’ssmallestrechargeablebatteries.Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey'renotsostrangeforengineerAngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwith5theidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge，sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnewways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries，scientistscombinewhattheyknowaboutbiology，thetechnologyandproductiontechniques.Belcher’steamincludesPaulaHammond，helpsputtogetherthetinybatteries，Yet-MingwhoandChiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery.We'reworkingonthingswetraditionallydon’tassociatewithnature,saysHammond.Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA，CandDbatteries6inyourhand.Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However，everyyear，newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.Asthesedevicesshrink，ordinarybakerieswon’tbesmallenoughtofitinside.Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow，Belcher’smodelbattery，ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses，lookslikearegularwatchbattery.Butinside，itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?Togetsomeideaofthesize，pluckonehairfromyourhead.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin，right?Althoughthewidthofeachperson’shairisabitdifferent，youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts，sidetoside，acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses7.词汇：chickenpox水痘collaboratorn.合作者，协作者microorganismn.微生物pluckv.拔，摘，采metallicadj.金属的注释：1.nowonder：不足为奇的，难怪2.steerclearof：避开，绕开3.though：意思为“然而，可是”。在句中使用时通常放在句末。4.Cambridge，Massachusetts：马萨诸塞州的剑桥市。本文第三段提到的theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge即指坐落于剑桥市的麻省理工学院。麻省理工学院于1861年由著名自然科学家威廉·巴罗吉杰斯创立。这是美国的一所私立研究型大学，培养高级科技人才和管理人才，是以理工科为主的、世界一流的综合性大学。5.cameupwith：提出6.A，CandDbatteries：A、C、D均为电池型号。7.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses：这些微型电池可能会改变我们看待病毒的方式。作者想表达的意思是：人们一直认为病毒有害无益，现在病毒可用来制作电池，人们对病毒的看法可能会因此而发生变化。练习：1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，peopletrytoA.killmicroorganismsrelatedtochickenpox，theflu，etc.B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible.C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases.D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines.2.WhatisBelcher’steamdoingatpresent?A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses..B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries.C.Itismakingbatterieswithviruses.D.Itisanalyzingvirusgenes.3.Whatexpressionbelowisoppositeinmeaningtothewordshrinkappearinginparagraph5?A.Broaden.B.Spread.C.Extend.D.Expand.4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBelcher’sbatterymentionedinparagraph6?A.Itismadeofmetal.B.Itisakindofwatchbattery.C.Itcanonlybeseenwithamicroscope.D.Itisametallicdiskwithvirusesinsideit.5.Howtinyisonebatterypart?A.Itswidthisonetonthofahair.B.Itequalsthewidthofahair.C.Itisasthinasapieceofpaper.D.Itswidthistootinytomeasure.答案与题解：1.C短文第一段的大致意思是，许多疾病都由病毒引起，诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所以人们想尽办法躲避病毒。这是C所表达的意思。A不是正确选择，因为文章并没有说人们想方设法去杀死病毒。B的后半句的内容(病毒肉眼看不见)和D的内容(吃药治疗病毒引起的疾病)文中没有提到。2.C短文的第二段明确提供了答案。3.D根据上下文，shrink在此的意思是“收缩，即“缩小。所以，它的反义词是expand(增大，扩张)。不是正确选择，C因为extend的意思是becomelonger，即“延伸”或“加长。的意思是“加宽”，A也不是答案。B的意思是“伸展，展开，在一定的上下文里也可以做shrink的反义词，但在第五段这个语境里，B不是最佳选择。4.D第六段第二句中提到的metallicdisk是指“金属圆盘”，它是微型电池的外形，其内部是由病毒构成的电池部件。微型电池不是由金属组成的，所以A不是答案。本段提到，这种电池lookslikearegularwatchbattery，与手表里电池外形相似，但并不等同手表电池，所以B也不是正确选择。文章只是说电池的部件(但并没有说整个电池)小到只能用显微镜才能看到，所以C也不是正确的选择。D才是第六段所要表达的主要内容，因此是答案。5.A短文最后一段的第四句(“youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts，sidetoside，acrossonehair”)提供了本题的答案第三十八篇LongerLivesforWildElephantsMostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals，wherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon’texist.Withoutsuchproblems，animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage1.Butthatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases，jointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeinfertile，orunabletohavebabies.Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants，ateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare，documentingfactorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossibleformeresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinz