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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 2010届高考英语一轮复习精品学案――重点词语辨析900例
-1-2010届高考英语一轮复习精品学案――重点词语辨析900例1.accuse/chargeaccuse和charge都有“指责,控告”之意,有时可通用,但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行,其结构为accusesbofsth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行,其结构为chargesbwithsth,此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。例如:例1:Myfatheraccusedmeofmybeingtoocareless.(父亲责备我太粗心。)例2:Heaccusedmeofneglectingmyduty.(他指控我玩忽职守。)例3:Hechargedmewithneglectingmyduty.(同上)例4:Jimmywaschargedwithmurder.(吉米被控谋杀。)例5:Hewaschargedwithanimportanttask.(他担负有一项重要任务。)2.add/addto/addup/adduptoadd:增加,把……加上。add…to…:把……加到。例如:例6:Attheendoftheparty,weaddedanotherprogram.例7:Youneedn’taddanywatertothemedicine.addto:增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如:例8:Hiscomingaddedtoourtrouble.(他的到来给我们添了麻烦。)addup:加起来。例如:例9:Haveyouaddedupallthenumbers?addupto:总计。表示加起来的结果,无被动结构。例如:例10:Allthenumbersaddedupto100.3.advise/suggestadvise:建议,劝说。例如:例11:Iadvised(his)tryingagain.(=suggest)例12:Iadvisedthatwe(should)tryagain.(=suggest,虚拟语气。)例13:Iadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.例14:Iadvisedhimnottosmoke.例15:CouldyouadviseusonhowtolearnEnglish?例16:CouldyougiveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish?suggest:建议,表明,暗示。例如:例17:Wesuggesthavingameetingatonce.(=advise)例18:Wesuggestthatameeting(should)beheldatonce.(=advise,虚拟语气。)例19:Hispalefacesuggeststhatheisinpoorhealth.(他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。)4.agreewith/agreeto/agreeonagreewith:同意,赞成(后接“人”或what从句作宾语);适合,适应;一致。例如:一一一、、、动动动词词词-2-例20:Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.例21:Nobodyagreedwithwhathehadsaidatthemeeting.例22:Theweatherheredoesn’tagreewithmostofus.(这里的天气我们多数人不适应。)例23:Yourwordsdonotagreewithyouractions.(你的言行不一。)agreeto:同意,赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如:例24:Johncan’tagreetoJoe’sidea.agreeon:对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如:例25:FinallyJohnandJoeagreedontheplan.5.allow/permit/let/promiseallow:允许,许可。指听任或默许,也可用来表示客气的请求。例如:例26:Whoallowedyoutoleavethecamp?例27:Smokingisnotallowedhere.例28:Pleaseallowmetointroducemyselftoyou.permit:允许,许可。通常指正式的许可。例如:例29:Hedeclaredthathewouldpermitmetodoso.allow和permit的含义虽然有所差别,但实际运用中两者常通用。let:允许,让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如:例30:Don’tletthishappenagain.例31:Thisisnotallowedtohappenagain.(不说:Thisisnotlettohappenagain.)promise:答应,允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如:例32:Theypromisedanimmediatereply.例33:Hepromisedtostartatonce.例34:Ipromisedhimtoseetothematterrightaway.(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式toseeto是主语I发出的。)6.announce/declareannounce:宣布,宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如:例35:Thegovernmentannouncedthatthedangerwaspast.例36:ItwasannouncedthatthenationalscienceconferencewouldsoonbeheldinBeijing.另外,要表达“向某人宣布某事”,应用announcetosbsth。后接tosb的动词还有say,explain等。例如:例37:Heannouncedtousthenewsandthensaidtous,“Nowletmeexplaintoyouindetails.”(他向我们宣布了这个消息,然后对我们说:“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”)declare:宣布,声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如:例38:Thechairmandeclaredtheexhibitionopen.(主席宣布展览会开幕。)7.answer/replyanswer:回答,回应。例如:例39:“Tom!”Nooneanswered.例40:Pleaseanswerthedoor-bell.(请去开门。)例41:Heansweredthatheknewnothingaboutit.例42:Noonewasabletoanswerhimaword.reply:回答,答复。作不及物动词时,后需接to再接宾语;作及物动词时,后直接接that从句或what-3-从句,或用于倒装句。例如:例43:Herepliedtome,“Ineedtheanswertotheexercise.”例44:Herepliedthathewouldnotgo.例45:Notaworddidshereply.(她一句话也不应。)answer当名词用时,与reply一样,要接to。例如:例46:Hemadenoanswer/replytohisquestions.8.appear/look/seemappear:显得,好像。有时含有表面上显得,而事实未必的意味。例如:例47:Thiskindofapplesappearsgood,butinfactittastessour.(这种苹果看起来好,实际吃起来酸。)seem:好像。暗示判断有一定根据,往往接近事实。例如:例48:Youseemtohavemadethesamemistakeagainthistime.(你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。)例49:Itseemsthatitisgoingtorainsoon.look:好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如:例50:What’swrongwithyou?Youlookpale.例51:Itlookslikerain.(看来要下雨了。)9.argue/quarrelargue:辩论,争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张,着重说理。如:例52:Whatareyouarguingabout?例53:Iarguedwithhimthewholeday.quarrel:争论,争吵,吵架。例如:例54:It’sunwisetoquarrelwithyourbossaboutthat.(为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。)10.arrive/reach/getarrive,reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用,它和reach是比较正式的用语;reach是及物动词;get通常与介词to连用,在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词(如here,there,home等)时,不用介词。reach和arriveat还有“达成(协议),作出(决定)”的意思。例如:例55:Whenwearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.例56:Atfive,theyarrivedinBeijing.例57:Theletterdidn’treachmeuntilyesterday.例58:Atwhattimedidyougettothepostoffice?例59:Thetwosidesfailedtoreach/arriveatanagreementafterseveralhours’discussion.(几个小时的讨论后,双方还是没能达成一致意见。)11.ask/inquire/questionask:问(asksbsth或asksthofsb);请求(asksbtodosth);要,索取(askforsth)。例如:例60:MayIaskyousomequestions?例61:Whydidheaskyoutocomeagain?例62:Didheaskforanything?inquire:问,询问。它与ask同义,但是比较正式的用语;与into连用时,表示“查究,调查”的意-4-思。例如:例63:Ihaveinquiredofhimwhetherhecouldhelpme.(我已经问过他能否帮我。)例64:Wemustinquireintothematter.(=lookinto,我们必须调查此事。)question:提问,质问,审问,怀疑。例如:例65:Atfirstthegirlsreadachapterfromtheirbooks,andthentheteacherbegantoquestionthem.例66:Iquestionwhetherhewasoncequestionedbythepolice.(我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。)12.beabouttodosth/betodosthbeabouttodo:即将,正要做……。不加任何时间短语。例如:例67:Wewereabouttostartwhensuddenlyitbegantorain.betodo:计划,约定;应该。例如:例68:Wearetostarttomorrow.例69:Whatistobedonenext?(下一步做什么?)13.becarefulof/becarefulwithbecarefulof:小心,当心,留神,注意。例如:例70:Thepublicwerewarnedtobecarefulofrats.(公众被警告要当心老鼠。)becarefulwith:细心,注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如:例71:You’dbetterbecarefulwithyourwork/pronunciation.(你得注意你的工作/发音。)14.befamiliarwith/befamiliartobefamiliarwith:对……熟悉。例如:例72:Mostofusarefamiliarwiththepopstar.例73:Johnwasveryfamiliarwiththiskindofsit
本文标题:2010届高考英语一轮复习精品学案――重点词语辨析900例
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