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Beijing北京BeijingisthecapitalofChinaandafascinatingmixtureoftheoldandnew.Withanareaof16,808sq.kilometers,itistodaythepolitical,culturalandadministrativecenterofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawhichwasfoundedin1949,thehomeofmorethan13.8millioncitizensandtheseatofgovernment.1北京作为中国的首都是一个新旧交融,魅力无限的地方。今天的北京占地16,808平方公里,是中华人民共和国(建于1949年)的政治、文化和行政管理的中心,是1,380多万北京市民的家园和中央政府的所在地。2Beijinghasbeeninexistenceasasettlementformorethan3,000years,althoughtheremainsofPekingManshowthathumanlifeexistedinthispartofChinahalfamillionyearsago.IthasbeenacenterofpowerundertheMongols,theMing,theManchuandnowthePeople'sRepublicofChinaforaperiodspanningalmostsevenhundredyears.2尽管“北京人”的遗骨表明早在50万年以前已有人类生存于此,北京作为人类的居住地已超过了3000多年。它是蒙古、明朝、满族直到现在的中华人民共和国的权力中心,跨越了近700年的历史。3Beingoneofthefewinlandcapitalsoftheworldnotbuiltonamajorriver,itowesitslongpreeminencetoitsstrategicgeographicalposition.LyingonthenorthwesternfringeoftheGreatNorthChinaPlain,BeijingservesasagatewaytotheInnerMongoliansteppesinthenorth,theShanxiplateauinthewestand,throughtheeasternmostpassoftheGreatWallatShanhaiguan,tonorth-eastChina.3作为世界上少数未傍主要河道而建的内陆首都之一,北京将自己长期显赫的历史归功于战略性的地理位置。由于它位于中国华北平原的西北端,北京是向北进入内蒙古大草原,向西进入山西高原和穿过长城最东部的山海关,进入东北的门户。4BeijingfirstachievedprominenceduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(476BC—221BC),whenitbecamethecapitaloftheKingdomofYanandwascalledJi(meaningreeds,becauseofthemarshynatureoftheterrain).TheMongolianemperor,KublaiKhan,renameditDadu(greatcapital)whenhemadeitthebaseforhisYuanDynasty(1271—1368),butthefirstemperorofthesucceedingMingDynastymovedhiscourttoNanjing(Nanking),whereitremaineduntilthethirdemperorreturnedtheroyalseattoBeijing.4北京第一次繁盛是在战国时期(公元前476-221),那时它是燕国的首都,又称冀(意思是“芦苇”,因为当时四周是沼泽地)。当蒙古皇帝—忽必烈,将元朝(公元后1264)建都于此时,改名为大都(伟大的首都),但是随后明朝的第一位皇帝迁都至南京,直到第三位皇帝时期才又迁到北京。5Hencethename,Beijing,meaningnortherncapital,wasusedasopposedtoNanjing,whichmeanssoutherncapital.Sincethen,Beijinghasalwaysbeenthecapitalofthenation,exceptforabriefperiodduringthecivilwarinthefirsthalfofthiscentury,whenChiangKai-shek'scommandingarmyagainmovedthegovernmenttoNanjing.5北京因此而得名,意指“北部京都”,与南京,即“南部京都”相对。从那以后,北京一直是首都,除了本世纪上半叶,国内战争这段时期,蒋介石执掌军队,将政府迁往了南京。6ItwasfromtherostruminBeijing'sTian'anmenSquarethat,onOctober1,1949,thelateChairmanMaoZedongformallyproclaimedthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.61949年10月1日,在天安门城楼上,已故的毛泽东主席正式宣布中华人民共和国的成立。7ThehistoricTian'anmenrostrumisnotonlythesymbolicheartofChina,butalsothekeytoBeijing.Thewholecityradiatesoutfromit—ormoreexactly,fromthegrandroyalcompoundoftheForbiddenCity—theoldimperialpalace—onthenorthernsideofthesquare.TheoriginalcityofBeijingwasplannedandforatimedevelopedinsuchawaythattheForbiddenCityremainedatthetruecenterofthecapital.OldmeetsneweverywhereinBeijing—theancientForbiddenCityisoverlookedbyskyscrapers,thefamousGreatWallpassnorthofthecityproperisnowsurroundedbycarparks,thecenturies-oldobservatorystandsnexttoamotorflyover,oldcourthousesaredottedwithglitteringsupermarkets,broadtar-pavedavenuesarefloodedbymillionsofbicycles,ringinganechoofjinglebells,anddampundergroundtombsofthebygoneemperorsareilluminatedbyelectriclighting.7具有历史意义的天安门城楼,不仅是中国心脏的象征,更是北京的中心。整座城市由此辐射展开,或者更确切地说,由广场北面辉煌的皇家宫殿,即古老的紫禁城皇宫展开。北京古城把紫禁城作为首都的实质上的中心,并在一段时期内按这种规划进行城市的开发。新旧交汇在北京随处可见——古老的紫禁城仰视座座摩天大厦,位于城市北面著名的八达岭长城环抱于停车场之中,存在数世纪之久的烽火台紧挨着机动车立交桥,古老的四合院点缀着灯火炫目的超市,宽阔的柏油马路汇成了自行车的海洋,铃声此起彼伏,而阴湿的地下帝王陵墓也灯火通明。
本文标题:北京中英文介绍
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