非谓语动词语法讲解讲解

非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词分类不定式（todo）动词ing-ed形式非谓语动词可以担当的成分1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Myhopeistoseeyou.4.Iwanthimtoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）1.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thisisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupbroken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcan’tbeused.★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.(作表语）(作定语)(作宾语补足语）(作状语）1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作定语）(作状语）非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语⑴.下列动词常用不定式作宾语：aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。如：Heofferedtohelpus.Ididn'texpecttofindyouhere．Theyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitation．Thelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein．(2)下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语：admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。如：Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday．Goodnewskeepscoming.Tinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarm．Haveyoufinishedcorrectingthestudents’papers?(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近：like，love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer，continue,intend，attempt等.如：Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcomposition．Wealllikeplaying(toplay)tabletennis．Thentheybeganmaking(tomake)plansforthework．但是它们之间也有细微区别：Todo指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用~ing形式.如：Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind．(惯常行为)Ihatetosayso，butreallyIcan‘tgowithyou．(具体某次行为)Iprefertostayathometoday．(具体某次行为)Hepreferswalkingtocycling．(惯常行为)(4)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式时意义不同：①stoptodo停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事stopdoing停下正在做的事②forgettodo忘记做某事(此事未做)forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做)如．Heforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpastthepostoffice．I‘llneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime．③remembertodo记得要做某事(此事未做)/rememberdoing记得某事已做过(此事已做)如：Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere．Youmustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehome．④goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing接着做同一件事如：Shestoodupandshookhandswithme,andthenshewentonwritingsomething．AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel．⑤trytodo企图／想做某事trydoing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生)如：Wetriedtopersuadehimtogowithus,buthewouldn’tlisten．Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.⑥meantodo(意思是)想做某事meandoing意味着做某事如：Revolutionmeanslibratingtheproductiveforce．Sorry,Ididn'tmeantohurtyou．⑦regrettodo遗憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)regretdoing后悔做了某事如：Iregrettotellthatyoudidn’tpasstheexamagain．Heregrettedhavingtoldherthebadnews．(5)注意有些动词如：advise，permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider接不定式与接~ing形式的不同结构。①这些动词后面跟复合宾语时，用不定式作宾补。advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／imagine／consider…sb．todosth．②这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时，用动名词~doing.advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／imagine／consider…doingsth.5)WeallconsiderJohn_____(be)anhonestboy.6)Ourbossforbids_____(chat)duringofficehours.7)Therulesdonotpermitplayers____(step)outofbounds.8)Theboybeggedtopermithim____(explain).9)Theyoungmanimagined_____(live)onalonelyisland.10)Itwasuselesstoforbidchildren____(play)here.toplaylivingtoexplaintostepchattingtobe不定式、分词和动名词作定语位置：(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou．Thepoorchildrenhadlittletoeat．它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。如：Thereissomebooksforyoutoread．(可看成：toreadsomebooks)I‘dliketogetsomethingtodrink．(可看成：todrinksomething)如果这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：Ineedapentowritewith．(可看成：towritewiththepen)Shenowhasnothingtoworryabout．(可看成：toworryaboutnothing)意义*不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonthisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．*现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：Thebridgebeingbuiltnowisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．*过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：Thebridgebuiltlastyearisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．即时巩固练习⑶用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Theman__________(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy．2)Aman_______(respect)otherswillberespected．3)shecanfindnoone_______(make)friendswith．4)Isthereanybody_______(answer)thequestion?5)Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.beingquestionedrespectingtomaketoanswerinvited6)Shewouldbethebest_______(agree)theopinion．7)Thematter_________(discuss)isveryimportant．8)Thatistheway_________(operate)themachine．9)Shewasthenaprofessor_______(love)byallherstudents．10)Withmuchmoney________(spend)，theboyformedabadhabit．toagreebeingdiscussedtooperatelovedtospend不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行。如：Isawhimfallingoffhisbikejustatthatmoment．(看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。)*不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。Isawhimfalloffhisbikeandhurthisleftleg．Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight．(他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在干活。)IsawabirdcaughtbyTom.Isawtheboybeingbeatenby即时巩固练习⑷用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Imeanttobuyaneveningpaper,butIdidn'tseeanyone______(sell)them.2)Iknowthat____(be)afact.3)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade______(learn).Healwaysworkhard.4)Thepatientwaswarned_______(noteat)aftertheexamine.5)JustnowIsawaman______(walk)inthestreet,withal