英语语法 定语从句

RevisionoftheAttributiveClause定语从句复习高三英语第一轮复习定义：修饰某一名词或词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，在句子中作定语，并作句子成分。因相当于形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.（名词，代词，名词词组，句子）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。Attributiveclause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)=介词+whichwhen(时间状语))=介词+whichwhy(原因状语))=for+which1.Theteacherswhoarepresentatourclassareallexperiencedteachers.2.Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof29girlsand31boys.3.YuxujieistheboywhoseEnglishstudyisverygoodinourclass.4.ThereasonwhyhestudiesEnglishverywellisthathestudiesveryhard.5.Theschoolwherewearestudyingisveryfamous.6.Asweallknow,ourschoolis64yearsold.wherewhowhoseAswhichwhy1.关系副词与关系代词的选择2.that与which3.对theway的考查4.介词+关系词5.as的使用6.对where的考查7.综合考查考点难点1.I’llneverforgetthedays_______weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace＿＿＿＿＿Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason____________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason____________hegave.whenwhich/thatwhereWhich/thatwhythat/which考点1：关系副词与关系代词1)Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?2)Theonlything_____wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_____isstandingthere?4)Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.5)Sheheardaterriblenoise，______broughtherheartintohermouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点２：that与which1：先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。3：先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that。4：先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。5：在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中只用that。只使用that应遵循的规则1.指物，介词后。2．逗号后面只使用which应遵循的规则做题技巧?填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺状语缺宾语考点３：theway用做先行词theway做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语:引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that/inwhich/不填考点３：theway用做先行词Theway_____hespoketohismothersurprisedme.A.inwhichB.thatC./D.alltheaboveIfwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways_______donotharmotherlivingthings.A.inwhichB.thatC./D.how考点4：介词+关系词1.Doyouknowtheboy________yourmotheristalking?2.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.3.Istillremembertheday_________IfirstgottoParis.5.(06浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst______Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.whichtowhomwithwhichonwhichThisisthechildwhom/thatIwilltakecareof.4.译：这是我要照顾的小孩。难点一：as与which如何选择？1.Thisisthesamepen_____Iboughtyesterday。2.Iwanttohavesuchadictionary_____hehas.3._____weexpect,wewonthegame.4._____isknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.asasAsAs1.先行词被_______________修饰了的时候用as但so/such…as…和so/such…that…有区别2.as引导定语从句可放在_______________3.as译为____________。4.as用于固定用法中1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.总结：thesame,such,so句首，句中，句末正如，好像5.Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,________madehisteacherveryangry.6.Tomsuddenlyfellill,________madeussad.whichwhich1.which引导定语从句只能放在__________2.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的__________时，关系词往往只用which.因果关系结论：句中模拟训练：1.Heissuchalazyman_____nobodywantstoworkwith______.A.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Sheisluckyenoughtofindthesamehandbag_______shelostyeaterdayattheairport.A.asB.whichC.thatD.like在定语从句中thesame与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.（06江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.whose的用法where\that1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.where定语从句that强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.---WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?---Itwasinthehotel____Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when难点三.综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwon.2.Wedon’tbelievethenews_________hetoldusyesterday.thatthat/whichthat/which定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews________ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews_________________hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.(3)Theproblem__________weshouldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou.(4)Theproblem__________heaskedmetosolveishardtosolve.thatthat/which/略thatthat/which3.定语从句和名词性从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(3)_______isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_______TaiwanbelongstoChina.______isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.AsthatWhat(=what)(=what)结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分4.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit