2006年10月语言学概论真题及答案

1.Symbolscanbedividedintotwotypes:______symbolsand______symbols.2.Thegoalof______linguisticsistoestablishamodelthatdescribestherulesofoneparticularlanguage.3.______plosivesappearbeforeorafterfrontvowelswhile______plosivesoccurinothersituations.3.Theterm“naturalclassesofsounds”hasoneadvantages:phonologicalrulesconstructedcanbeofhigher______.4.Themorphemesthatcanstandaloneasindividualwordsarecalled______.5.Peoplecanstudysentencesintwodifferentways.Ifwemakestructuraldescriptionsofsentencestoillustratethepartsofsentencesandtherelationshipsamongthem,itiscalled______study.6.AccordingtoChomsky’sTGGrammar,intheprocessofgeneratingsentences,westartwith______structuresandthentransformtheminto______structures.7.______isthesciencethatdealswiththesoundsystem.()A.PhoneticsB.MorphologyC.PhonologyD.Semantics8.Theoralconsonantsaredifferentfromthenasalconsonantsintermsof________.()A.thepositionofthevelumB.theplaceofarticulationC.thepresenceorabsenceofvocal-cordvibrationD.themannerofarticulation9.______isgenerallyregardedasthefounderofmodernlinguistics.()A.FillmoreB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.Lyons10.Anativespeakerusuallypossessesfourtypesofknowledgeabouthisownlanguage.______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutthesoundsandsoundpatternsofhislanguage.()A.SemanticB.SyntacticC.MorphologicalD.Phonological11.Phoneticshasthreesub-branches.______phoneticsisconcernedwithhowasoundisproducedbythevocalorgans.A.ArticulatoryB.AcousticC.AuditoryD.Visual12.Dentalsaresounds______.()A.producedbybothlipsB.producedbythecontactbetweentheupperteethandthelowerlipC.madewiththetipofthetonguebehindtheupperfrontteethorwiththetonguetipbetweentheupperandlowerteethD.articulatedbyraisingthetiporthebladeofthetonguetothealveolarridge13.Aphonemeisdefinedas______.()A.aminimalmeaningfulunitinthegrammaticalsystemofalanguageB.aminimaldistinctiveunitinthegrammaticalsystemofalanguageC.aminimaldistinctiveunitinthesoundsystemofalanguageD.aminimalmeaningfulunitinthelexicalsystemofalanguage14.Distinctivefeaturesareuseddescribe______,whilephoneticfeaturesareusedtodescribetheir______()A.phonemes…allophonesB.morphemes…allomorphsC.allophones…phonesD.allomorphs…morphs15.If______,thentheyaresaidtobeincontrastivedistribution.()A.twosoundscanoccurinthesameenvironmentandthesubstitutionofonesoundfortheotherdoesnotcauseachangeofmeaningB.twosoundscanoccurinthesameenvironmentandthesubstitutionofonesoundfortheothercausesachangeofmeaningC.twosoundscanneveroccurinthesameenvironmentD.twosoundscanoccurincontrastiveenvironments16.Therootmorphemesare______.()A.lexicallydependentonrootsanddonotconveythefundamentalmeaningsofwordsB.themostimportantpartsofwordsthatcarrytheprincipalmeaningsC.thosethatcanstandbythemselvesasindividualwordsI.Fillinthefollowingblankswithappropriatewordsandexpressions.(10%,onepointforeachblank)II.(25%,onepointforeach)D.neverfoundaloneaswords,butarealwaysjoinedwithothermorphemes17.Iftwosoundsare________,theyaresaidtobeallophonesofthesamephoneme.()A.incontrastivedistributionandalsophoneticallysimilarB.sometimesinfreevariationC.incontrastivedistributionD.phoneticallysimilarandalsoincomplementarydistribution18.Iftwoormoremorphsaresemanticallyidenticalandalsoin______,theyaresaidtobeallomorphsofthesamemorpheme.()A.complementarydistributionB.contrastivedistributionC.freevariationD.contradictorydistribution19.Clippingreferstotheprocessinwhich______.()A.acompoundismadebyblendingpartsoftwowordsB.wordsareformedbyputtingtheinitiallettersofseveralwordstogetherC.awordisshortenedwithoutachangeinthemeaningorinthepartofspeechD.newwordsarecreatedsimplybychangingtheirpartsofspeech20.The______relationisakindofrelationbetweenlinguisticformsinasentenceandlinguisticformsoutsidethesentence.()A.syntagmaticB.sequentialC.hierarchicalD.paradigmatic21.Inahierarchicalstructurediagramofasentence,______aretheultimateconstituentsofthesentence.()A.theformswhicharealwayspresentontherightsideofaphrasestructureruleB.theformsattheword-levelC.theformsattheword-levelandthephrase-levelD.theformsconnectedbythetwolinesthatarebranchingfromthesamepoint22.AccordingtoTGGrammar,inthedeepstructure,verbsalwaystakethe______form.()A.baseB.presentC.pastD.presentparticiple23.Thesound______isavoicedpost-alveolaraffricate.()A.[tr]B.[D.[dr]24.Thesamephraseorsentencemayhavetwoormoreinterpretationsdependingonthehierarchicalarrangementofitsconstituents.Suchacaseiscalled______.()A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.structuralD.syntactic25.AccordingtoChomsky’sTGGrammar,thestaticstudyofsentences______,butthedynamicstudyofsentences______.()A.dealswithtwolevelsofstructure:bothsurfacestructureanddeepstructure…isonlyconcernedwithonelevelofstructure,i.e.deepstructureB.isonlyconcernedwithonelevelofstructure,i.e.surfacestructure…dealswithtwolevelsofstructure:bothsurfacestructureanddeepstructureC.isonlyconcernedwithonelevelofstructure,i.e.deepstructure…dealswithtwolevelsofstructure:bothsurfacestructureanddeepstructureD.dealswithtwolevelsofstructure:bothsurfacestructureanddeepstructure…isonlyconcernedwithonelevelofstructure,i.e.surfacestructure26.Asurf