2008届《新课标》高三英语(人教版)第二轮复习专题讲座讲座六阅读理解1

欢迎光临：大家论坛高中高考专区bbs.topsage.com欢迎光临：大家论坛高中高考专区bbs.topsage.com子《新课标》高三英语（人教版）第二轮复习专题讲座第六讲阅读理解1高考阅读理解的解题技巧阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点，《考试大纲》提出了明确的要求：“要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。”高考英语阅读理解也围绕这一要求来命题，基本上可分为五类：1．细节判断题；2．猜测词义题；3．主旨大意题；4．推理引申题；5．篇章结构题。下面以2004、2005、2006年全国统一高考英语科试题为例来分析上述五种试题的命题特点、具体要求以及解题技巧和方法。第一节细节判断题解题技巧《普通高中英语课程标准》中达到英语学科的高中毕业要求为七级，其有关阅读最基本的要求是：“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是：细节判断。这类题在高考阅读理解题中占一定的比例，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样。如：WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas…?Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor…?Howmany……？What/who/when/where/how/why……?做这类题的一般方法是通过skimming把握文章中心后，再通过寻读法（scanning）快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分、分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。这类细节性问题所涉及的面很广，有的需要经过简单的数学运算确定时间、距离、次数、数量等；有的涉及正误判断；有的询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。例如：（注：本书例题欢迎光临：大家论坛高中高考专区bbs.topsage.com欢迎光临：大家论坛高中高考专区bbs.topsage.com练习中选用全国各地高考题均保留原题号）（05全国卷IIB篇）Thedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety－agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.“Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.Theywereprogrammedtodothat,”saidEmilyComette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolf,womenhavesometimesseemedtobecomeunnoticedastheyage.Butthegenerationnowturning50isthebabyboomers(生育高峰期出生的人),andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism(女权主义),abitofsparemoney,andbetterhealthformostelderly,theRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable(必然的).Inthissociety,womenover50wearredhatsandpurple(紫色的)clothes,whilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo.”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhats,theyattractedlotsofattention.“Thepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelse,”Coopersaid.“Womenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.”Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.“We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimple,”addedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.47．WhosetuptheRedHatSociety?A．EmilyComette.B．EllenCooper.C．JennyJoseph.D．JoeHeywood.48．WomenjointheRedHatSocietybecause.A．theywanttostayyoungB．theywouldliketoappearmoreattractiveC．theywouldliketohavefunandliveforthemselvesD．theywanttobemoreliketheirparents解析：这两题都是细节判断题。和47题相关的信息句是文中的：“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins:WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo.”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.理解了这句话，我们不难得出答案B。通过浏览我们了解了“theRedHatSociety”这个社团的性质和作用，再结合信息句“EntertheRedHatSociety－agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.”，我们很容易得出48题正确答案为C。（05福建卷A篇）PaulZindel’sdeathonMarch27,2003endedthebrilliantlifeofafamouswriter.欢迎光临：大家论坛高中高考专区bbs.topsage.com欢迎光临：大家论坛高中高考专区bbs.topsage.comNotonlydidPaulZindelwinaPulitzerPrizeaswellasanObiePrizeforhis1970playTheEffectofGammaRaysonMan-in-the-MoonMarigolds,buthewasoneoftheearliestwritersinthefieldofcontemporary（当代的）literatureforyoungadults（成人）.ThePigman,publishedin1968,isstilloneofthemostwell-knownandwidely-taughtnovelsinthegenre.TheAmericanLibraryAssociationhasnameditoneofthe100BestoftheBestBooksforYoungAdultspublishedbetween1967and1992,andZindel’sautobiography,ThePigmanandMe,wasamongthe100BestoftheBestBookspublishedforteenagersduringthelastpartofthetwentiethcentury.SixofZindel’sbooks,infact,havebeenvotedtheBestBooksforYoungAdults,andmostofhisrecenthorrorbooks-suchasTheDoomStoneandRatshavebeenchosenasQuickPicksforReluctantYoungAdultReaders.Clearly,hewasawriterwhoknewhowtointerestcontemporarychildren.Recognizingthat,theAmericanLibraryAssociationin2002honoredPaulZindelwiththeMargaretA.EdwardsPrizeforhislifetimeachievements,andlaterthatsameyearhewaspresentedwiththeALANPrizeforhiscontributionstoYoungAdultLiterature.Withhispassing,youngreaders,teachers,andlibrarianshavelostagreatfriend.56．WhichofPaulZindel’sbookswasthemostpopularwithyoungadultsinthe20thcentury?A．ThePigman.B．TheDoomStone.C．ThePigmanandMe.D．TheEffectofGammaRaysonMan-in-the-MoonMarigolds.57．WhywasPaulZindelhonoredwiththeMargaretA.EdwardsPrize?A．Hisbookswerewidelyreadbychildren.B．Hisbookswereinterestingandhelpfultoadults.C．Hemadegreatcontributionstocontemporaryliterature.D．Hewroteanumberofhorrorbooksforyoungadults.58．WhendidPaulZindelwintheALANPrize?A．In2002．B．In2003．C．Between1967and1992．D．Between2002and2003．59．Choosethecorrectstatementsfromthefollowingaccordingtothepassage.a.ThePigmanandMewasoneoftheBestBooksforteenagers.b.Zindelwasoneoftheearli