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山西省太原市2008年初中毕业生学业考试数学试卷一、选择题(本大题含10个小题,每小题3分,共30分)在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,请选出并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.1.下列四个数的绝对值比2大的是()A.3B.0C.1D.22.在平面直角坐标系中,点P的坐标为(46),,则点P在()A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限3.在ABC△中,4080BC,,则A的度数为()A.30B.40C.50D.604.如图,在ABC△中,DE,分别是边ABAC,的中点,已知10BC,则DE的长为()A.3B.4C.5D.65.化简222mnmmn的结果是()A.2mnmB.mnmC.mnmD.mnmn6.今年5月16日我市普降大雨,基本解除了农田旱情.以下是各县(市、区)的降水量分布情况(单位:mm),这组数据的中位数,众数,极差分别是县(市、区)城区小店尖草坪娄烦阳曲清徐古交降水量2829.431.92728.834.129.4A.29.4,29.4,2.5B.29.4,29.4,7.1C.27,29.4,7D.28.8,28,2.57.下列图象中,以方程220yx的解为坐标的点组成的图象是()8.如果三角形的两边分别为3和5,那么这个三角形的周长可能是()A.15B.16C.8D.7ADEBCyxO2A.112112yxO2B.112112yxO2C.112112yxO2D.1121129.右图是一个正方体的平面展开图,这个正方体是()10.在某次人才交流会上,应聘人数和招聘人数分别居前5位的行业列表如下:行业名称计算机机械营销物流贸易应聘人数(单位:人)223120531546748659行业名称计算机营销机械建筑化工招聘人数(单位:人)12101030895763725如果用同一行业应聘人数与招聘人数比值的大小来衡量该行业的就业情况,那么根据表中数据,对上述行业的就业情况判断正确的是()A.计算机行业好于其它行业B.贸易行业好于化工行业C.机械行业好于营销行业D.建筑行业好于物流行业二、填空题(本大题含10个小题,每小题2分,共20分)把答案填在题中的横线上或按要求作答.11.在函数2yx中,自变量x的取值范围是.12.在一个不透明的袋中装有2个绿球,3个红球和5个黄球,它们除了颜色外都相同,从中随机摸出一个球,摸到红球的概率是.13.分解因式(4)4xx的结果是.14.在市政府与国家开发银行山西省分行举行的“百校兴学”工程金融合作签约仪式上,首批项目申请银行贷款3.16亿元.用科学记数法表示3.16亿的结果是.15.如图,在矩形ABCD中,对角线ACBD,交于点O,已知1202.5AODAB,,则AC的长为.16.已知圆锥的底面半径为2cm,母线长为4cm,则圆锥的侧面积为cm2.17.抛物线2243yxx的顶点坐标是.18.如图,AB是O的直径,CD是O的弦,连接ACAD,,若35CAB,则ADC的度数为.19.在梯形ABCD中,3ADBCABDC∥,,沿对角线BD翻折梯形ABCD,若点A恰好落在下底BC的中点E处,则梯形的周长为.20.已知22mn≥,≥,且mn,均为正整数,A.B.C.D.ABCDCBDOA221332153233533711924793425292743如果将nm进行如下方式的“分解”,那么下列三个叙述:(1)在52的“分解”中最大的数是11.(2)在34的“分解”中最小的数是13.(3)若3m的“分解”中最小的数是23,则m等于5.其中正确的是.三、解答题(本大题含9个小题,共70分)解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.21.(本小题满分5分)解不等式组:253(2)213xxxx≤,.22.(本小题满分5分)解方程:2620xx.23.(本小题满分6分)为帮助灾区人民重建家园,某校学生积极捐款.已知第一次捐款总额为9000元,第二次捐款总额为12000元,两次人均捐款额相等,但第二次捐款人数比第一次多50人.求该校第二次捐款的人数.24.(本小题满分6分)如图,在ABC△中,2BACC.(1)在图中作出ABC△的内角平分线AD.(要求:尺规作图,保留作图痕迹,不写证明)(2)在已作出的图形中,写出一对相似三角形,并说明理由.25.(本小题满分10分)甲乙两名同学做摸牌游戏.他们在桌上放了一副扑克牌中的4张牌,牌面分别是J,Q,K,K.游戏规则是:将牌面全部朝下,从这4张牌中随机取1张牌记下结果放回,洗匀后再随机取1张牌,若两次取出的牌中都没有K,则甲获胜,否则乙获胜.你认为甲乙两人谁获胜的可能性大?用列表或画树状图的方法说明理由.26.(本小题满分6分)人的视觉机能受运动速度的影响很大,行驶中司机在驾驶室内观察前方物体时是动态的,车速增加,视野变窄.当车速为50km/h时,视野为80度.如果视野f(度)是车速v(km/h)的反比例函数,求fv,之间的关系式,并计算当车速为100km/h时视野的度数.27.(本小题满分10分)用商家免费提供的塑料袋购物,我们享受着方便和快捷,但同时要关注它对环境的潜在危害.为了解太原市所有家庭每年丢弃塑料袋个数的情况,统计人员采用了科学的方法,随机抽取了200户,对他们某日丢弃塑料袋的个数进行了统计,结果如下表:每户丢弃塑料袋数(单位:个)123456家庭数(单位:户)15606535205(1)求这天这200户家庭平均每户丢弃塑料袋的个数.(2)假设我市现有家庭100万户,据此估计全市所有家庭每年(以365天计算)丢弃塑料袋的总数.(3)下图是我市行政区划图,它的面积相当于图中ABC△的面积.已知AB,间的实际距离为150km,BC,间的实际距离为110km,60ABC.根据(2)中的估算结果,求我市每年每平方公里的土地上会增加多少个塑料袋?(取31.7,ABC△的面积和最后计算结果都精确到千位)ABCD28.(本小题满分10分)将一张透明的平行四边形胶片沿对角线剪开,得到图①中的两张三角形胶片ABC△和DEF△.将这两张三角形胶片的顶点B与顶点E重合,把DEF△绕点B顺时针方向旋转,这时AC与DF相交于点O.(1)当DEF△旋转至如图②位置,点()BE,CD,在同一直线上时,AFD与DCA的数量关系是.2分(2)当DEF△继续旋转至如图③位置时,(1)中的结论还成立吗?请说明理由.(3)在图③中,连接BOAD,,探索BO与AD之间有怎样的位置关系,并证明.29.(本小题满分12分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线1yx与334yx交于点A,分别交x轴于点B和点C,点D是直线AC上的一个动点.(1)求点ABC,,的坐标.(2)当CBD△为等腰三角形时,求点D的坐标.(3)在直线AB上是否存在点E,使得以点EDOA,,,为顶点的四边形是平行四边形?如果存在,直线写出BECD的值;如果不存在,请说明理由.CAEFDBCDOAFB(E)ADOFCB(E)图①图②图③AyxDCOB山西省太原市2008年初中毕业生学业考试数学试卷参考答案一、选择题题号12345678910答案ABDCBBCADD二、填空题11.2x≥12.310(或0.3)13.2(2)x14.83.161015.516.8π17.(1,1)18.55°19.1520.(2)三、解答题21.解:解不等式253(2)xx≤,得1x≥.···············································2分解不等式213xx,得3x.······································································4分所以,原不等式组的解集是13x≤.····························································5分22.解法一:这里162abc,,.························································1分224(6)41(2)440bac,························································2分64421x.···························································································3分即311x.····························································································4分所以,方程的解为12311311xx,.···················································5分解法二:配方,得2(3)11x.······································································3分即311x或311x.·······································································4分所以,方程的解为12311311xx,.···················································5分23.解法一:设第二次捐款人数为x人,则第一次捐款人数为(50)x人.················1分根据题意,得90001200050xx.········································································3分解这个方程,得200x.···············································································4分经检验,200x是所列方程的根.···································································5分答:该校第二次捐款人数为200人.··································································6分解法二:人均捐款额为(120009000)5060(元).·······································3分第二次捐款人数为1200060200(人).························································5分答:该校第二次捐款人数为200人.··································································6分24.解:(1)如图,AD即为所求.·························2分(2)ABDCBA△∽△,理由如下.·······················3分AD平分2BACBACC,,BADBCA.·············································5分又BB,ABDCBA△∽△.·····················6分25.解:乙获胜的可能性大.··········································································2分进行一
本文标题:2008年山西省太原市初中毕业生学业考试数学试卷及参考答案和评分意见(word)
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