应用性文体写作指导

英语应用文写作英文书信的格式多种多样，但最常使用的有三种：齐头式、缩进式和混合式。缩进式格式每段开头空四个字母，段与段之间不空行；齐头式是每段开头顶格，段与段之间空一行。齐头式的格式从直观上给人层次分明、条理清晰的感觉。尤其是书写本身比较潦草的时候，段落之间的空行会减弱字迹潦草带来的不整洁的感觉。求职信及申请信范文：DearMr.Moore,Re:WaitresspositionIwouldliketoexpressmyinterestinyourrecentlyadvertisedpositionforawaitress.Iamenclosingmyresume,whichfurtherdetailsmypreviousworkexperienceandqualifications.NotonlydoIhavethequalificationsandworkexperienceforthisjob,butIalsohavetherightpersonalityforawaitress.Iamafriendlypersonwhocanquicklyestablisharapportwithpeopleofallages.Thefast-pacedenvironmentofwaitingontablessuitsme,becauseIenjoyworkingunderpressure.Myformerbosswassurprisedatmyefficiencyindealingwithcustomers’orders.Ihopetomeetwithyoutodiscussthepossibilityofworkingatyourrestaurant.Icanbereachedat4639234duringthedaysand924,6868after6p.m.Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication.Ilookforwardtomeetingyouinthenearfuture.YourssincerelyLiMing解析：第一段要表明写信的意图，说明对招聘的这个职位很感兴趣，同时还要记住一点，在日常生活中求职信后都会附上简历和相关证书的复印件。第一段的前两句话稍加改动即可用于任何一封求职信。范文在主体段落中说明自己的相关工作经验和个性，最终目的都是要说明写信人适合这份工作。需要注意的是在写自己的工作经验时，一定要与应聘的职位相关，不相关的工作经验没有必要提及。第三段提供给收信人自己的联系方式。另外还要写一些客套话，因为这是在求职，如果写信人真的想得到这份工作，就应当像询问信息时一样，对可能得到的这个工作表示一种期待，同时表示对收信人的谢意。常见求职及申请信的导语句型：Iamwritingtoapplyfor...IwishtoapplyforthepostmentionedinyouradvertisementinBeijingDailyofMarch21.Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestin...Iamwritingtoformallyrequest...Ishouldliketoapplyforthejobadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.Youradvertisementforasalemanagerin…hasimpressedme.IfeelIcanfillthatvacancy…TherequirementsoutlinedinyouradvertisementmakesmeconfidentthatIamqualifiedfortheposition.Iamwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforthepositionof…ItiswithconsiderableinterestthatIenclosemyresumeinresponsetoyour…advertisementforaHumanResourcesManager.表示信心、能力或兴趣的方式：Ifeelthatsimilarcontributionsmightbemadetoyourfirmaswell.Ifeelthat,withmyoverallqua1ificationsanddesire,Icouldcontributesignificantlytoyourcompany.IfeelthatIcanmakeastrongcontributiontoyourcompany.Iwouldappeartohaveexcellentqualificationsforthisposition...IfeelconfidentthatIcanprovidethekindofleadershipthatyouareseekingfor.Iamconvincedthatmyinteresttogetherwithmyacademicbackgroundandworkingexperienceswillmakemebetterqualifiedinapplyingacourseofahigherlevel.在信尾表达进一步联系的愿望，表示感谢的方式：Afteryouhavereviewedtheenclosedcurriculumvitae,IwouldappreciateanopportunitytodiscusshowImaycontributetoyourdepartment.Iwouldbepleasedtohavetheopportunitytointerviewwith...IwouldappreciatetheopportunitytodiscusshowImightfurthercontributetoyour...ThankyouagainandIlookforwardtohearingfromyoushortly.Iamveryinterestedinthispositionandwouldappreciatetheopportunitytofurtherdiscussduringaface-to-faceinterview.Thankyouforyouconsideration.ThankyouagainandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcontactmeassoonaspossible.IfthereisanythingfurtherIcouldaddtoareviewofmyqualificationsorgoals,pleasedonothesitatetocall.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.13.2.2咨询信在人们的生活中经常会有一些不明白、不清楚而需要询问和咨询的事情，如：入学手续、打工薪水、参加组织、借用设施等。询问信的主要目的是寻求所需的信息。因此，首先要说明写信的目的、介绍背景、询问详情，最后要表示谢意，期盼回复。基本结构是：1）简述题目场景，表明写作目的，说明写这封信的目的是要寻求什么样的信息。写询问信时，注意礼貌原则，并且只能就收信人能够提供的信息进行询问。2）询问具体问题。如果某个问题较为重要，可以单独占一个段落。3）表明获取信息的急切心情，期盼回复，并提供联系方法以便收信人与你联系，对收信人能提供信息表示感谢，体现礼貌原则。咨询信中还应特别注意句式原则，在询问问题时所使用的疑问句应当与口语中常用的疑问句式有明显不同，应使用“Wouldyoupleasetellme...”之类的正式疑问句式。范文：DearSir,Iamorganizingagroupofstudentstopayavisittothehistoricalexhibitioninyourtown.Thisvisitwillbepartofourschool'ssocialsurveyproject.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldsupplymewiththefollowinginformation.Firstofall,whatarethedatesbetweenwhichtheexhibitionwillbeheld,andwhatarethedailyopeninghours?Secondly,whatisthesizeoftheexhibition,whatisitsthemeandwhatobjectsareondisplay?Thirdly,arethereanyotheractivitiesbeingheldinconnectionwiththeexhibition?Iwouldalsoliketoinquireifthereisanydiscountavailableonentranceticketsforhowmuchisthediscountandwhatistheminimumnumberofstudentsnecessarytoqualifyforit?Ilookforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing解析：文章在第一段就表明了与收信人的相关性：我要组团去你们镇上参观历史展览，所以要写信向你询问一些问题。询问信的礼貌原则应当在第一段就体现出来，因此在第一段的末尾有这样一句话：Icouldbegratefulifyoucouldsupplymewiththefollowinginformation.这句话在咨询信中一定要出现。文章的第二段除了询问题目规定的问题即开放的日期和时间外，还问了其他一些相关的问题，这是在询问信中突破字数要求的一个有效策略。同时第二段中还用了衔接手段，显得条理清楚。接下来在第三段询问是否有折扣，要多少人才会有折扣。咨询信的最后一段一定要对收信人表明会期待他的回信，因为询问必须得到反馈才能获取所需的信息。咨询信的开头常用句式和套话Iamwritingforinformationabout...Iwouldliketoreceiveinformationregarding...Iamwritingtoaskifyoucouldpossibly...Iwouldbegratefulifyouwould...Iwouldliketorequestmaterialsfor…Iwouldbemostgratefulifyoucouldsendmeinformationregarding/concerning...Iwonderifyoucould...Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationregarding...咨询信的结尾常用句式和套话Iamexpectingyourearlyreply.Yourpromptattentiontothisletterwouldbehighlyappreciated.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Thankyouforyourconsideration.Ilookforwardtoyourimmediateresponse.13.2.3请求信请求信是对收信人提出请求，希望对方满足该请求。请求信和询问信有一点相似，就是两者都要向对方提出某种要求并请对方给予答复。而两者的不同则在于询问信的核心是要询问信息，重点要写清楚询问的内容，收信人要提供信息则大多是自身职责所在，应当为咨询者提供所需的信息。请求信的核心却是请求他人做某事的原因，重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事。写这类书信首先注意礼貌客气，用词不要生硬不要用命令的口吻。要讲明求助的具体内容，简洁明了，直入主题。接到回信后，不管结果如何，应迅速回信致谢。基本结构是：1）正文一开始便提出具体的请求，或