(人教版)课后强化Unit1GreatScientists(必修五,含精细解析)

第1页共15页Unit1GreatScientistsⅠ.语法单句填空1．Wehavecometothe________(conclude)thatitwouldbeunwisetoaccepthisidea.答案：conclusion考查名词词义。句意：我们得出结论接受他的想法非明智之举。cometotheconclusion“得出结论”。2．Children________(expose)todifficultsituationsarebetterathandlingthose________(challenge)tasks.答案：exposed；challenging考查非谓语动词。句意：暴露在困难处境中的孩子更容易处理那些富有挑战性的工作。第一空选exposed，因为expose与前面的thechildren构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以选过去分词；第二空challenging意为“挑战性的”。3．________(blame)fortheterribleaccident,thedirectorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.答案：Beingtoblamebetoblame“该受责备，应承担责任”，此处指主管为这起重大事故负责，betoblame是固定用法，不用于被动语态。4．ThenumberoftheforeigntouriststovisittheUSisexpectedtobemorethan2millionby2015,________(contribute)14billiondollarstotheUSeconomy.第2页共15页答案：contributing考查非谓语动词。句意：到2015年为止到美国的游客数目有望超过两百万，会对美国经济贡献140亿美元。现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。5．—Whataretheworkerstalkingabout?—Theyarediscussingtheideatheoldworkerput________atthemeetingyesterday.答案：forward考查动词短语。句意：——工人们在谈论什么？——他们在讨论那位老工人昨天在会上提出的想法。putforward“提出”，符合句意。6．Inthefollowingtwohours,shewas________(absorb)infilm,soshedidn'tnoticewhathappenedaroundher.答案：absorbed考查动词短语意义。句意：在接下来的两个小时里，她在专心看电影，因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情。beabsorbedinsth.“全神贯注于某事”。7．Emilyfeltverysadthatshewassuspected________providingfalsestatementsincourt.答案：of考查动词搭配。suspectsb.of(doing)sth.“怀疑某人做了某事”。8．ShenzhouⅨspacecraft,________(send)upintospaceonJune16,2012,dockedwithTiangong­1successfully.第3页共15页答案：sent考查过去分词作定语。因为神舟九号和送入太空之间存在被动关系，而且动作已经完成，所以用send的过去分词表完成和被动。9．Thenewsuspensionbridge________(design)bythefamousarchitectis________constructionnow.答案：designed;under考查动词词义及短语搭配。句意：这位著名的建筑师设计的新悬浮桥正在建设之中。句中design与suspensionbridge之间是动宾关系，故第一个空用designed，相当于whichwasdesigned；underconstruction“在建设中”为固定结构。10．________iftheseexperimentsweresuccessfullycompletedwouldwethinkofgoingintohumans.答案：Only考查短语。句意：只有当这些实验都成功完成后，我们才能考虑在人身上实验。onlyif“只有当……”。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2013·湖北省七市联考)Talkingplantsmightsoundlikecharactersinafairytale.Butrecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscommunicatewitheachotherandwithotherlivingthingsinasurprisingnumberofways.Tounderstandthem,scientistssay,wejusthavetolearntheirlanguage.Farmersareespeciallyinterestedinwhatplantshaveto第4页共15页say.“Plantsareabletocommunicatewithallsortsoforganisms(有机体).Theycancommunicatewithgiantbacteria,withotherplantsandwithinsects.Theydothischemically，”saidCahill,anEcologyProfessoroftheUniversityofAlbertainCanada.Plantscientistsarejustbeginningtounderstandthischemical“language”.Cahillsaysstudieshaveshown,forexample,thatplantscanevaluateconditionsintheirimmediateenvironmentandtakeappropriateactions.Plantshaveanability,forexample,tosignalpainordiscomfortcausedbyanythingfromtemperatureextremestoaninsectattack.JackSchultz,aprofessorofchemicalecologyattheUniversityofMissouri,sayswhenaplantsensesthatit'sbeingeaten,itcannotwalkawayfromtrouble;onthecontrary,itwillreleaseachemicalvaporthatalertsotherplantsnearby.“Theirlanguageisachemicallanguage,anditinvolveschemicalsthatmovethroughtheairthatareeasytobechangeable,andmostofallaresmellsthatwearefamiliarwith，”Schultzexplained.“Allplantsrespondedtotheattackbychangingtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves，”Schultzrecalled.“Butwewerequitesurprisedtofindthatnearbyplantsalsochangedtheirchemistryto第5页共15页defendthemselves,eventhoughtheywerenotpartoftheexperiment.”Studieshavealsoshownthatplantsunderattackreleasepleasantchemicals.Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.Intheend,plants'abilitytocommunicatetheirneeds—andourabilitytounderstandthem—couldhelpfarmersreducetheuseofpoisonouschemicals,cutoperatingcostsandlimitdamagetotheenvironment.文章大意：本文是一篇科普类文章，主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及功能，以及这种特殊语言对农业生产可能产生的指导意义。【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】1．Therecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscan______.A．communicatewithotherlivingthingsinachemicalwayB．hardlyreacttoanysuddenchangeintemperatureC．useaveryspecialchemica1languagewhichisfamiliartousD．respondtotheattackbygivingoffpoisonouschemicals答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Plantsareabletocommunicatewithallsortsoforganisms(有机体)．..Theydothischemically.”可知，植物能够与其他生物通过化学方式进行交流。故第6页共15页答案选A。2．Whenbeingeatenbyaninsect,theplantwill________.A．walkawayfromtroubleB．changeitschemistrytokilltheinsectC．releaseachemicalvaporto“ask”otherplantsforhelpD．giveoffnicechemicalstoattractfriendlyinsectskillingthepest答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“whenaplantsensesthatit'sbeingeaten...onthecontrary,itwillreleaseachemicalvapor...”以及文章倒数第二段中的“Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.”可知，当植物被昆虫吞食的时候，植物会释放一种化学蒸汽，这种化学蒸汽能够吸引有益的昆虫来袭击害虫。故答案选D。3．Theunderlinedword“alert”mostprobablymeans“______”．A．warnB．protectC．threatenD．allow【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】答案：A词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，植物在遭受攻击时会释放一种化学物质，这种化学物质有两种功能，一是警示危险的存在，二是发出求助信息。由此可知，此处的“alert”应该意为“警示，第7页共15页警惕”，即warn。故答案选A。4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CommunicationbetweenPlantsB．AChemical“Language”C．PlantsCanTalkD．HowPlantsProtectThemselves【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】答案：C标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及功能。C项既能概括文章的主题又生动风趣，尤其是talk一词充满了拟人化的幽默感。故答案选C。Ⅲ.完形填空(2013·海淀区期末)EducationfromMyFather【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】Mymemoriesofmyfatherareslimbecausehewassosickinthelastyearsofhislife.Bu