04级本十班刘家辰浅析《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白性格的多面性

SuihuaUniversityGraduationPaperTriestoAnalyzeArrogantandPrejudicetheElizabethDispositionVersatilityStudentnameJiachenLiuStudentnumber200450672MajorChineseLanguageandLiteratureSupervisingteacherAilingZhangSuihuaUniversityI摘要英国的现实主义作家奥斯丁受到启蒙思想的影响，在其刻画人物时，主张情感与理性的完美统一。而《傲慢与偏见》就是表达这一思想的代表作品，在对女主人公伊丽莎白的性格发展变化的刻画上也是独树一帜的。对于这种情感与理性的关系奥斯丁有着独特的见解和思考，特别表现在伊丽莎白性格多面性的刻画上，既矛盾，又和谐统一。本文向读者细致地展现了伊丽莎白的性格，通过多角度分析整合，使读者更加深刻地了解这位女性形象，也通过伊丽莎白的复杂性格，向读者阐释了性格的微妙。关键词：性格；矛盾；叛逆；傲慢；反省精神IIAbstractBritishwriteroftherealityofAustinbytheimpactofEnlightenmentthinking,initsportraitfigures,thatemotionalandrationalperfectunity.PrideandPrejudiceistheexpressionofthethinkingoftherepresentativeworksintheheroineElizabethchangesinthedescriptionsofcharacterdevelopmentisalsounique.ForthisemotionalandrationalrelationsAustinhasauniqueopinionandthinking,particularlyinElizabethmulti-facetedcharacterdescriptions,bothconflicts,harmonyandunity.DetailedtexttoshowreaderstheElizabethcharacter,multi-perspectiveofintegration,sothatreadersmoreprofoundunderstandingofthefemaleimage,butalsothroughthecomplexcharacterofElizabeth,explainedtothereadersofthedelicatecharacter.Keywords：character;contradictions;treason;arrogant;reflectthespirit目录摘要·········································································································IAbstract··································································································II前言······································································································1第1章伊丽莎白性格中的矛盾····································································21.1在爱与厌恶中徘徊···········································································21.2在拒绝与接受中徘徊········································································21.3在反抗与妥协中徘徊········································································3第2章伊丽莎白性格中的叛逆····································································52.1反对世俗的婚恋观···········································································52.2反对传统妇女的从属地位··································································52.3反对世俗的价值观···········································································6第3章伊丽莎白性格中的傲慢····································································83.1敏感的地位意识··············································································83.2以偏概全的定势心理········································································8第4章伊丽莎白性格中的反省精神····························································104.1自我认识的过程············································································104.2理性与感情的统一·········································································11结论·······································································································12参考文献································································································13致谢·········································································································2绥化学院2008届本科生毕业论文1前言《傲慢与偏见》是英国批判现实主义作家奥斯丁的代表作，小说多角度讲述了不同的女性追求幸福婚姻的故事，并细致刻画了人物的性格。作为经典名著，当今的学术界对其十分关注，并且有了很大的成果。例如：有些研究者对伊丽莎白与其他作品中的女性形象进行对比，主要比较人物性格的塑造及女性意识的体现；比较多的研究者研究作品中人物的婚姻观以及作品的语言与结构艺术。本文是在诸多成果的基础上，对女主人公形象进行了细致的整合，通过分析女主人公的多面性格，深刻地剖析了其心灵世界的复杂与矛盾，试图帮助人们了解作者的写作意图。绥化学院2008届本科生毕业论文2第1章伊丽莎白性格中的矛盾1.1在爱与厌恶中徘徊伊丽莎白是《傲慢与偏见》中的女主人公，她是一个灵活、聪明、具有很强独立性的女性，但性格中却充满了矛盾。作为小说的女主人公，深深地受到父亲的偏爱，班纳特先生是这样评价女儿的:“他们跟人家的姑娘一样，又傻，又无知；倒是丽萃要比她的几个姐妹伶俐些。”[1]而值得一提的是班纳特太太，小说第二章说到：“她是个智力贫乏、不学无术、喜怒无常的女人，只要碰到不称心的事，她就以为神经衰弱。她生平的大事就是嫁女儿；她生平的安慰就是访友拜客和打听新闻”。[2]从中我们可以发现她是一个很粗俗的人，并且伊丽莎白总因为母亲的粗俗而感到难堪，因为姐妹们的轻浮感到厌恶，这也正说明她是一个有着良好道德修养的人。她爱她们，但对她们的行为她不能容忍，但却必须要忍，她用她的聪明才智和良好的修养拼命地弥补自己的亲人所带来的不利。“噢！是个单身汉，亲爱的，确确实实是个单身汉！一个有钱的单身汉；每年有四五千磅的收入。真是女儿们的福气！”[3]从故事开始，伊丽莎白母亲的话中我们就能够看到一个庸俗、自私、势力、狭隘的妇女形象。“班纳特太太和她丈夫的谈话中，我们就可以了解到她低劣的禀赋和她的日常生活，奥斯丁并没有刻意的夸张却极具讽刺性。”[4]对于伊丽莎白来说这就是一种考验，母亲总是在公共场合让她难堪。母亲在达西等上层人物面前违背礼仪的行为让她很紧张，面对这样一个智力贫乏、喜怒无常的母亲，她无能为力，只能内心挣扎，对待母亲她只能在又爱，又厌恶的矛盾中挣扎。1.2在拒绝与接受中徘徊伊丽莎白真的会毅然决然地拒绝贵族又是有钱人的达西吗？故事的发展告诉我们她没有，她最终接受了她一直厌恶的人。因为她找到了建立在爱情基础上的婚姻了，他们是相爱的。她心理上到底经历了怎么样的矛盾，让她在拒绝与接受之间徘徊呢？舞会上达西的傲慢无礼，让伊丽莎白对他产生了偏见，也让她一直对达西没有好感，为以后接触中对达西的冷嘲热讽奠定了基础。然而接触的时间长了，她却不经意地开始关注达西了，并且主动参与达西他们的谈话，但是对达西的偏见已经根深蒂固绥化学院2008届本科生毕业论文3了，无论怎样都不能接受他傲慢贵族公子哥的态度。得知达西无故拆散姐姐和宾礼，对他更产生了怨恨之情。韦翰的出现，让她感觉似乎找到了知音，他的儒雅让她欣喜，他污蔑达西的话伊丽莎白深信不疑。这一切都决定了伊丽莎白会拒绝达西的第一次求婚。伊丽莎白性格中的独立、骨气、自尊都告诉她应该拒绝，“尽管她对他的厌恶之心根深蒂固，她究竟不能对这样一个男人的一番盛情，漠然无动于衷；虽说她的意志不曾有过片刻的动摇，可是她开头倒也体谅到他将会受到痛苦，因此颇感不安，然而他后来的那些话引起了她的怨恨，她那一片怜惜之心便完全化成了愤怒。”[5]她内心挣扎着，拒绝了会有遗憾的成份，两种情感在斗争，说明她对达西的态度也在转变，也说明她性格中的刚烈。然而达西的一封信，让伊丽莎白为以前对达西的偏见感到懊悔，自己的骄傲也被抹杀了。这一次她成熟了，她开始用平视的眼光看待达西了，更加关注他的一举一动，被拒绝之后的达西转变也很大，他变得彬彬有礼，对妹妹的事情也很是上心，一切的一切都使得伊丽莎白对达西态度有了很大的转变，甚至是有些感动，并对自己以前的偏见感到懊悔，等到这张纸捅破，也就是这对姻缘的形成。在整个感情过程中，伊丽莎白的心理完成了一个转变，感情是复杂、难奈的，性格呈现了矛盾，并做着激烈的斗争，通过作品生动的语言、心理描写能够强烈地表现出那种矛盾。1.3在反抗与妥协中徘徊伊丽莎白是一个独立性很强，又叛逆的女性形象，这就注定了她有反传统的反抗意识。但是伊丽莎白到底反抗了什么，又妥协了什么呢？它们之间会产生矛盾吗？小说一开始就有了一个当时的传统真理：“凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉，每逢新搬到一个地方，四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何，见解如何，可是，既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心目中根深蒂固，因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。”[6]这说明了当时中产阶级的年轻女性应该追求建立在金钱