teachingvocabulary词汇教学

TeachingvocabularyIntroductionofThisUnitTodiscusshowtoteachvocabulary.Althoughvocabularyisusuallyintegratedwiththeteachingofreading,westillconsideritnecessarytointroducewaystolearnandconsolidatevocabulary.TeachingContent●Howtoteachvocabulary●Whatstudentsneedtoknow●Presentingvocabulary●Consolidatingvocabulary●DevelopingvocabularybuildingstrategiesReadthefollowingassumptionsaboutvocabularyinEnglishlearninganddecideifyouagreewiththemornot.1.Avocabularyitemcanbemorethanoneword.2.Languagesconsistof“words”withequivalentsfromonelanguagetoanother.3.Vocabularycannotbetaught.Itmustbelearnedbytheindividuals.4.Bothteachersandstudentsneedtoknowthatthereisadifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevocabulary.5.Thebestwaytoexplainvocabularyistotranslate.6.English-Englishexplanationsarethebestforvocabularyteaching.7.AnEnglish-Englishdictionaryisanimportantaidforstudents.8.Wordscanbetaughtandlearnedmosteffectivelyingroupsofwordswhicharerelatedtoeachotherinmeaning.9.Wordsmustbelearnedinlanguagecontexts.10.Ifwedonotusewords,wewillforgetthempassiveandactivevocabularyThepassivevocabularyisthesetofwordswhichthestudentsrecognizeandunderstandwhentheyoccurinacontext,butwhichthestudentscannotproducecorrectly.Theactivevocabularyisthesetofwordswhichthestudentsunderstand,canpronouncecorrectlyanduseconstructivelyinspeakingandwriting.Whatisvocabulary?Vocabularycanbedefined,roughly,asthewordsweteachintheforeignlanguage.However,anewitemofvocabularymaybemorethanasingleword.Therearealsomulti-wordidioms.Ausefulconventionistocoverallsuchcasesbytalkingaboutvocabulary“items”ratherthan“words”.TaskCanyouthinkof5or6furtherexamplesofvocabularyitems,ineitherChineseorEnglish,thatconsistofmorethanoneword?Theimportanceofvocabulary●Thesingularimportanceofvocabularyhasbecomeapowerfulinsighttoraiseachievement.●Thewordsweknowhelpusorganizeourlearning.●Thecreationofwordsisourtoolforincreasinglearning.●Vocabularyinstructionshouldbeafocalpointoflearning,especiallyforstudentsimpactedbypoverty.●Vocabularyinstructionisanexcellentadvanceorganizerbutalsomustbetaughtincontext.Vocabularyplaysanimportantpartinlearningtoread.Beginningreadersmustusethewordstheyhearorallytomakesenseofthewordstheyseeinprint.With100,000wordsintheEnglishlanguage,teachingvocabularycanseemlikeaverydauntingprospect.Task:Discussandanswerthefollowingquestions:1.WhatarethemostcommonwaysforChinesestudentstolearnvocabularyregardingEnglish?2.Similarly,whatarethemostcommonwaysforChineseteacherstoteachEnglishvocabulary,inprimaryschool,secondaryschoolanduniversity?Whatastudentmayneedtoknow?1.Item-----Whatitmeans2.Theform3.Howitispronounced4.Howitisspelt5.Theconnotationsthattheitemmayhave6.Thesituationswhenthewordisorisnotused7.Howthewordisrelatedtoothers8.Collocationorthewaythatwordsoccurtogether9.Whattheaffixesmayindicateaboutthemeaning?Task(1)CanyouthinkoffiveorsixexamplesofitemsinEnglishwhosegrammaticalcharacteristicsarenotobviouslycoveredbyaregulargrammaticalrule,andwhichyouwouldthereforeneedtoteachwhenyouteachthem?(2)ThinkofthreeorfourtypicalcollocationsinEnglish,andtrytranslatingthemintoChinese.Dothecollocationstranslateexactly?Ifnot,whatkindsoflearning/teachingproblemsmightthisleadto,andwhatmightyoudoaboutit?Task(3)Howwouldyoupresentthemeaningsofthewordsswim,fame,childish,political,impertinence,kid,guy,andbastard?Forwhichwouldyoumentiontheirconnotations?Andtheirappropriatecontexts?(4)FindinbothChineseandEnglishatleastoneexampleforeachofthemaincategoriesofmeaningrelationships.Task(5)WhatprefixesandsuffixesinEnglishwouldyouconsideritusefulforlearnerstoknow?(6)Trytomarktheconnotationofthesewordsaspositive(+)ornegative(-):confidentstubbornextravagantmeanfamousarrogantdeterminedgenerousnotoriousTask(7)Whatisagroupof____called?ChoosethecorrectanswerfromColumnB.ColumnAColumnBWhatisagroupofantscalled?(1)________a.broodfish(2)________b.flockelephants(3)________c.bandlions(4)________d.colonygeese(5)________e.swarmbees(6)________f.gagglechickens(7)________g.pridegorillas(8)________h.herdsheep(9)________i.schoolTask(8)Ticktheverbthatappropriatelygoeswiththenoun.yourhomeworkanexerciseaneffortyourbestadressaspeechtheshoppingmakedoPresentingnewwordsI.Somesuggestionsforteachers1)prepareexamplestoshowmeanings.2)AskstudentstotellthemeaningfirstPresentingnewwords3)Thinkabouthowtoshowthemeaningofawordwithrelatedwordssuchassynonyms,antonymsetc.4)Thinkabouthowtocheckstudents’understanding.Presentingnewwords5)Thinkaboutthecontextinreallifewheretheirwordsmightbeused.6)Thinkaboutpossiblemisunderstandingandconfusionthatmayhave.TaskTwoteacherspresentedthewordgrumble.Belowarethedescriptionsofhowtheydidit.Workingroupsoffouranddiscusswhichwayismoreeffective.Trytogivereasonsforyourdecision.TaskTeacherA:a)wrotegrumbleontheblackboard.b)saidcomplainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedwayc)translatedthewordintothestudents'nativelanguage.d)gavemoreexamplesentencesforthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.TaskTeacherB:saidsomepelplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbleabouttheweather.Ifitiss