基于单片机的粉尘检测仪控制电路

I基于单片机的粉尘检测仪控制电路摘要随着现代工业的发展，工业化水平的提高，人们的生活和工作有了很多便利。然而我们的环境污染越来越严重，尤其是空气质量日益下降。除废气、废水外，颗粒状粉尘、烟尘向大气排放所造成的污染已成为一个十分突出的问题。粉尘是空气质量的重要指标，粉尘的检测就愈重要。粉尘检测仪主要用于检测环境中的粉尘浓度，适用于工矿企业劳动部门生产现场粉尘浓度的测定、环境环保监测部门大气飘尘检测和污染源调查等。本课题以光散射原理为基础，围绕单片机为核心，完成检测仪数据采集、显示等电路的设计。开发完整的具有成本低、运行稳定可靠、开发周期短等优点的高性能控制系统，并熟练掌握单片机系统及其相关的软件调试工具的使用。关键词：粉尘，光散射，空气采样，A/D转换，显示IITheDustDetectorBasedonSingleChipControlCircuitABSTRACTWithmodernindustrialdevelopment,industrializationlevel,people'slifeandworkhavealotofconvenience.However,wemoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalpollution,especiallyairqualityhasdeclined.Inadditiontoemissions,wastewater,theparticlesofdust,smokeanddustemissionstotheairpollutionhasbecomeaveryprominentissue.Dustisanimportantindicatorofairquality,dust,themoreimportanttest.Dustdetectorismainlyusedfordetectionofdustconcentrationintheenvironment,thelabordepartmentforindustrialandminingproductionsitedeterminationofdustconcentration,theenvironmentdepartmentofenvironmentalmonitoringofairborneparticulatepollutiondetectionandinvestigation.Thetopicstolightscatteringtheory,basedaroundtheMCUcore,completedetectordataacquisitionanddisplaycircuit.Developmentofacompletelowcost,stableandreliableoperation,theadvantagesofshortdevelopmentcycle,high-performancecontrolsystems,andmastermicrocontrollersystemandrelatedsoftwaredebuggingtools.KEYWORDS:dust,lightscattering,airsampling,A/Dconverter,displayIII目录摘要....................................................................IABSTRACT................................................................II1绪论...................................................................11.1前言.............................................................11.2选题背景及研究意义...............................................11.2.1选题背景...................................................11.2.2研究意义...................................................11.3国内外相关发展情况...............................................21.3.1粉尘测量方法...............................................21.3.2粉尘检测仪的性能与优点......................................31.4本文主要研究内容...................................................31.4.1硬件电路...................................................31.4.2系统联调...................................................42基于单片机的粉尘检测仪硬件设计.........................................52.1系统的功能和技术指标.............................................52.1.1系统功能功能...............................................52.1.2主要技术指标...............................................52.2粉尘检测原理.....................................................52.3系统硬件设计框图.................................................62.4软件程序流图.....................................................72.5工作原理.........................................................73粉尘测试仪硬件设计.....................................................93.1单片机部分........................................................93.1.1系统CPU器件选择...........................................93.1.2单片机引脚分配及连接......................................123.2信号采集电路....................................................133.2.1敏感元件..................................................133.2.2A/D转换电路...............................................143.2.3ADC0809的主要特性.........................................143.2.4ADC0809芯片的引脚图及引脚功能............................153.2.5ADC0809对输入模拟量要求及通道选择.........................163.2.6ADC0809的应用说明..........................................17IV3.2.7ADC0809数据采集时序图.....................................173.2.8ADC0809与AT89C51单片机的接口设计........................173.2.974LS74....................................................183.2.1074LS373..................................................203.2.1174LS02介绍...............................................223.2.1274LS04介绍...............................................233.3数码管显示部分..................................................243.3.1LED数码管概述.............................................243.3.2LED数码管动态显示方式.....................................263.3.3显示接口设计..............................................283.4键盘电路设计....................................................293.5报警电路设计（蜂鸣器）..........................................303.6看门狗部分的设计................................................304联调结果及仿真........................................................324.1设计软件PROTEUS.................................................324.1.1PROTEUS功能特点...........................................324.1.2功能模块...................................................324.2系统概述........................................................334.3KEIL与PROTEUS联调.............................................345结论..................................................................36致谢....................................................................37参考文献................................................................38附录1电路图............................................................39附录2PCB图............................................................41基于单片机的粉尘检测仪控制电路11绪论1.1前言随着现代工业的发展，工业化水平的提高，人们的生活和工作有了很多便利。然而人们享有方便生活和工作的同时，不得不面对，由于对自然的不合理开发，对自然环境的污染等，使生态环境遭到严重破坏，生存环境越来越差的现实。人类必须采取相应的措施，合