全球第三代行动通信的发展现况与挑战

2nnnnn3TO(ê)ITTO(ê)ITêKDDI43GUbiquitousWirelessAccessUbiquitousWirelessAccessLocation-basedush-servicesNomadicworkforceInternetaccessMultimediamailInteractivenewsdeliveryVideoconferencingVideopostcardsCD-qualitymusicWirelesstelemetry5nnnn63GcdmaOne64kbps1X-EV(HDR)600kbpscdmaOne1X144kbpsPDC9.6kbpsWCDMA64kbps~384kbpscdma20001XWCDMA64kbps~384kbpsPDC9.6kbpsKDDI7NearlyDoublesVoice,307k,RFbackwardcompatibleGlobalEvolutiontoNextGenerationCDMAGlobalEvolutiontoNextGenerationGlobalEvolutiontoNextGenerationCDMACDMA2003199519992000200120022004AnAllAnAll--CDMAEvolutionCDMAEvolutionDataoptimized2.4MbpsRFbackwardcompatibleVoice,14.4kVoice,64kCDMA20001xIS-95ACDMA20001xEV(HDR)IS-95BVoice,9.6kDataonly10-60kVoice,128k/384kVoice,9.6k100k?Voice,64k/384kGSM(Europe)GPRSEDGE(?)PDC(Japan)WCDMAWCDMA(DoCoMo)8WCDMA–Release99CDMA20001X–Release0GPRS–2up/4downEDGE-Assumes8timeslots@18kbpsperslotMSC-5codingschemeCDMA20001xEV**GPRSWCDMA*CDMA20001XBaseline9.6x10x29xAverageThrough-put109kbpsRe-use3/91/11/11/11,050kbps1,100kbps2,874kbpsNote:Assumesdensedatatrafficenvironmentwith15%trafficvolumesatbusyhourandPedestrianMobilitySources*TheGSMWorldCongress2000“UnderstandingtheCapacity-CoverageTrade-off“PeterMuszynski,SeniorResearchManager,NokiaNetworks**Averageofvehicularandpedestrianwithweightedaverageof70%single–30%dualreceiveantennaDataThroughputComparisonDataThroughputComparison((AverageThroughputperSectorin5MHz)AverageThroughputperSectorin5MHz)EDGE414kbps3/93.8x90.050.0100.0150.0200.0250.00.000.340.671.011.341.682.012.352.683.023.353.694.024.364.695.035.365.706.036.376.71Mbps/sectorErlangs/sector7-1xonly7-1xand1xEV(cdma2000family)2-WCDMAGSM/EDGEGSM/GPRS2x10MHzspectrumAvailable2WCDMA(5MHz)Carriersor71x(1.25MHz)CarriersDataThroughput/sector(Mbps)ProportionaltoNumberofSubscribers0+71+62+53+44+35+26+17+0SpectrumEfficiencySpectrumEfficiency1X1Xand1xEVWCDMA10*Source:WCDMAforUMTS,RadioAccessForThirdGenerationMobileCommunications,JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.,copyright2000KeyDifferences–CDMA2000andWCDMAKeyDifferences–CDMA2000andWCDMASynchronousvs.asynchronousoperation:•CDMAPICH(pilotchannel)andPCCPCH(primarycommoncontrolpagingchannel)structuresaredesignedforasynchronousoperationXtakesadvantageofsynchronousBTSswhensearchingforneighbors–esscomplexcircuitryandDSPdesignLongerbatterylifeFasteracquisition–ighercapacityduetomoreefficientsofthandoffEVRC/SMVvs.AMRVocoders:WCDMA;TheAMRCODECwasdesignedforGSMsystems,anditisnotavariableratevocoder.TypicalVoiceactivityfactorof0.67(DCCHalwayson)DMA2000;SMVleveragesuponexistingEVRCvocoderdesignsusedincurrentcdmaOnesystems.TypicalVoiceactivityfactorof0.4to0.511CDMA2000andWCDMA-DifferenceSummary(1/2)CDMA2000andWCDMA-DifferenceSummary(1/2)1.CDMA2000WCDMA2.FirstWorkingStandardRel0inAug1999Rel99inDec20003.BandwidthRequired1.25MHz5MHz4.ChipRate1.2288Mcps/sec3.84Mcps/s5.CoreInfrastructureIS-41,GSM-MAP&IPGSM-MAP&IP6.VoiceCapacity30calls/MHz/sector12calls/MHz/sector*7.PeakDataRate307kbpsfor1x2Mbps***1.CDMA2000WCDMA2.FirstWorkingStandardRel0inAug1999Rel99inDec20003.BandwidthRequired1.25MHz5MHz4.ChipRate1.2288Mcps/sec3.84Mcps/s5.CoreInfrastructureIS-41,GSM-MAP&IPGSM-MAP&IP6.VoiceCapacity30calls/MHz/sector12calls/MHz/sector*7.PeakDataRate307kbpsfor1x2Mbps****Source:“WCDMAforUMTS”byHarriHolmaandAnttiToskalaofNokia,PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.,Oct2000**Inamobileenvironmentusing1.25MHzofspectrum***Inastationaryenvironmentusing5MHzofspectrum128.2.4Mbpsfor1xEV**(Stationaryonly)9.CoverageBetterthanIS-95A/BUnknown10.StandbyTime50%betterthanIS-95A/BUnknown11.CompatibilityBkwdcompatiblewithIS-95A/BNewsystem12.BaseStationTimingSynchronousAsynchronous13.CommercialAvailabilityOctober2000TBD14.MigrationPathEvolutionaryNewsystem15.ForecastedGrowth20Msubsby200220Msubsby200516.Cost$0.022permegabyte(1xEV)$0.069permegabyteCDMA2000andWCDMA-DifferenceSummary(2/2)13VoiceCapacityperBTSperTechnology5MHzofSpectrumVoiceCapacityperBTSperTechnology5MHzofSpectrum*Source:WCDMAforUMTS,RadioAccessforThirdGenerationMobileCommunications,JohnWiley&Sons,LTD.,copyright2000ErlangCapacityPerBTS0200400600800100012005MHz10MHz15MHzSpectrumErlang/3sectorBTSCDMA2000WCDMASpectrumEfficiencySpectrumEfficiencyCDMA2000304ErlangsperBTS:•28AvailableWalshcodesper1.25MHz•84AvailableWalshcodesper5MHz•andoffoverhead~2:1•eaves192Walshcodesfortrafficper3carriers•apacityisdeterminedbyC/I,notbyWalshchannels•5TCHperRFcarrierpersec,3RFper5MHz,GOS2%,3sectorBTS,ErlangBmodelWCDMA153ErlangsperBTS*:•28AvailableWalshCodesper5MHz•andoffoverhead~2:1•eaves64WalshCodesforTraffic•apacityisdeterminedbyWalshchannels•2TCHperSec,GOS2%,3sectorBTS,ErlangBmodel14CommercialAvailabilityCommercialCommercialAvailabilityAvailabilityCDMA2000CDMA2000CommerciallyAvailableCommerciallyCommerciallyAvailableAvailableLimitedCommericalAvailabilityLimitedLimitedCommericalCommericalAvailabilityAvailabilityQ42001Q42001FullCommercialAvailabilityFullFullCommercialCommercialAvailabilityAvailabilityPlannedDeployment(NTTDoCoMo)PlannedPlannedDeploymentDeployment(NTT(NTTDoCoMoDoCoMo))Q42001Q42001UMTSCommercialAvailabilityUMTSUMTSCom