虚拟语气的规则总结(word版)

虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。一、if从句：（一）表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用were)would/could/might/should+do表示过去情况过去完成式(had+done)would/could/might/should+havedone表示将来情况①过去式(did)/(were)②should+do③weretodowould/could/might/should+do（二）错综时间的虚拟句：通常情况下,在条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)。3.Ifwehadn’tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。4.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。5.Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingamoreterribletimetomorrow.（从句指现在，主句指将来）（三）省略：If从句中含有were,should,had时，可省略if并把were,should,had提前。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldn’tquarrelwithhim.备注：注：would,should,could与might的选择：①一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如：IfIknewhim,Iwouldaskhimforhelp.如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。②should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：I’llgohome.或Iwillgohome.但很少人说Ishallgohome.因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。③could用于虚拟条件句中时，有“能够，可能”之意。如：Ifyouhadcomebackalittleearlier,youcouldhaveseenityourself.如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。④might用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：IfIhadbeenthere,Imighthavequarreledwithhim.如果我当时在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来。二、（should）do（should可以省略）形式的虚拟：宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟（一）一坚持（insist）一推荐（recommend）三命令(order,command,direct)三建议(suggest,advice,propose)五要求（demand,require,request,urge,ask）口诀：①Idropcars.②Cridsoap即“I：insist坚决，D：demand/desire要求/请求，R：request请求require要求/需要，O：order命令，P：propose建议，C：command命令，A：ask命令，advise建议，P：prefer宁愿，S：suggest建议”注意：insist:①坚决宣称,坚持认为，坚持说，固执己见（不虚拟）②坚决要求，坚持（虚拟）suggest：①暗示（不虚拟）②建议,提议（虚拟）1.Themaninsistedthathedidn’tstealthewalletandshouldbesetfreenow.2.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasbadlyill,soIsuggestedthatsheshouldgotoseeadoctoratonce.3.Mysuggestionisthatheshouldgothereatonce.4.Itissuggestedthatheshouldgothereatonce.5.Imadeasuggestionthatheshouldgothereatonce.6.Thisisthesuggestionthat/whichhemadeatthemeeting.（定语从句不用虚拟）（二）Itisadj.forsb.that主语+(should)do.（也可不虚拟）Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat主语+(should)do.（也可不虚拟）例如：1.Itisnecessarythatheshouldbesenttothehospitalatonce.2.Itisapitythatheshouldmisssuchagoldenchance.三、Itis(high)timethat虚拟）过去式shoulddo(should不能省略)Itistimethatwegotup.shouldgetup.四、would/could/might/should+havedone（一）without,butfor…,主语+would/could/might/should+havedone。（如果不…；要不是…）例：Butforyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn’thavedoneitwell.（二）but:主语+would/could/might/should+havedone,but+句子.（真实的）otherwise:句子（真实的），otherwise主语+would/could/might/should+havedone.例：Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasill.Iwasill;otherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.五、wish,asif/though,ifonly的从句：过去式(did)(be常用were)(表示与现在事实情况相反)过去完成式(haddone)(表示与过去事实情况相反)would/could/might+do(表示与将来事实情况相反)例如：Ifonlyhehadvisitedusyesterday.六、wouldratherdothando+句子（虚拟）过去式(did)(be常用were)表示与现在或将来情况相反过去完成式(had+done)表示与过去情况相反七、Longlive+主语！例：Longlivethepeople!Mayyoudosth.!例：Mayyousucceed!八、had+expected/wanted/intended/planned/hoped/wished/thought/dreamed等表个人意志、打算、想法的动词的过去分词，表示“本来要做某事（暗含但是后来没有做成的）”。其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。例：IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaidshelikedtostayinChina.