新版牛津译林8B-Unit1单词词组和语法讲解

1牛津译林8BUnit1一、同步知识梳理知识点1：pastandpresent(P6)（1）pastn.过去，以前；inthepast在过去adj.过去的，以前的；inthepastfewyears在过去的几年里prep.经过walkpastthepostoffice走过邮局【例句】Inthepast,therewasnoundergroundinNanjing.Let’snotmakethepastmistakes.WhenIwalkpastthepostoffice,Iseeabirdflyingoverthetree.（2）presentadj.现在的;目前的;出席的n.现在;礼物;atpresent现在；apresentforyou=agiftforyou给你的礼物vt.介绍;出现;提出;赠送;【例句】Everyonecanbepresentedapresentatpresent.知识点2：You’vechanged,Eddie.Youusedtosharefoodwithme.(P6)你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。（1）change:vt./vi.改变，变更;changeinto变成n.变化，改变;change(s)to...的变化【例句】GreatchangestoNanjinghavetakenplace.（2）usen.用途;使用能力;运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用;行使，【常用短语】①usedto(dosth.)“过去常常(做某事)”批注：否定形式：didn’tuseto/usedn’tto②get/beusedto(doingsth.)“习惯于(做某事)【例句】HeusedtogofishingeverySaturday.Butsincehechangedhisjob,he’sbarely(几乎不)hadachance.Hethinkshe’llneverbeusedtothisbusylifestyle.【拓展】usefuladj.有用的；uselessadj.无用的知识点3：Ifirstlivedinthenorthernpartofthetownwithmyparents.(P8)【例句】BeijingisinthenorthernpartofChina.批注：注意inthenorth与inthenorthernpartof的同义句转换。例如：BeijingisinthenorthofChina.=BeijingisinthenorthernpartofChina.知识点4：WhenIgotmarriedin1965,mywifeandImovedtwoblocksawayandwe’velivedinthisareasincethen.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1）marry:vt.&vi.（使）结婚;娶;嫁;结合;marrysb与某人结婚marryAtoB把A北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northernsouthernwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn.northsouthwesteastsoutheastnorthwestnorthwestnorthwest2嫁给Badj.married已婚的;短语：AandBgetmarried/Aget(s)marriedtoBnmarriage婚姻【例句】Someyoungcouplesgotmarriedonthatday.（2）move:vt.&vi.移动，搬动;使感动【常用短语】moveaway搬走moveinto搬进moveoutof搬出...【例句】Everyyearmillionsofpeoplemovedintothecitywhilemillionsofpeoplemovedaway.知识点5：Nowthegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.(P8)turninto进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入turn...into把...变成【例句】Isawhimturnintothelibrary.Howcanyouturnabottleofwaterintoabottleoforangejuice?【常用短语】turnon开turnoff关turnup调高；开大(音量、煤气等)turndown调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等)turnover把……翻过来turnback往回走turnleft向左转turnright向右转知识点6：TherewasonceasteelfactoryneartheSunshineRiver.(P9)阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。once:adv.曾经=usedto【例句】Therewasonceashoppingcentrehere.=Thereusedtobeashoppingcentrehere.n.一次，一回;=onetime【例句】Iamusedtodoingexerciseonceaweek.知识点7：Theyoftenputthewasteintotheriver.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。短语：putsthinto把……放进，使进入【例句】Pleaseputthefoodintothefridge.【常用短语】putaway拿走，储存…备用putback放回；向后移putdown写下；记下puton穿上putoff延期；推迟putout熄灭；关熄；扑灭putup举起；抬起；张贴知识点8：Laterthegovernmentrealizedtheproblemandtookactiontoimprovethesituation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realizev.意识到；实现=cometrue【例句】Mydreamcomestrue.=Irealizemydream.（2）improvev提高；改善；改进n.improvement提高，改进；【常用短语】improvelivingstandard提高生活水平;improveyourEnglish;改善你的英语；【例句】Doyouknowhowtoimproveyourmemory?知识点9:Nowtheriverismuchcleaner.(P9)现在河流干净了很多。此处的much用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much;still;even;far;alittle;abit;alot;【例句】--Howdoyoufeeltoday?--Evenworse.知识点10:Well,insomewaysitis.(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。短语insomeways在某些方面，在某种程度上【例句】Insomeways,Idoagreewithyou.3【拓展】1.inmanyways在许多方面；用许多方法；inthisway用这种方法；2.onone’swayto表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)3.bytheway表示“顺便说/问一句”；4.alltheway表示“全程；一直”；5.inaway在某一点上,在某种程度上6.intheway挡道inthewayofsb挡在某人路上知识点11:Ithasbecomeimpossibleforustoseeeachotherasoftenasbefore.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式toseeeachother.常用句型：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth.对某人来说做某事是怎样的。【例句】Itisdangerousforustogooutaloneatnight.（2）asoftenasbefore像以前一样的经常as...as像一样。知识点12:NowIfeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.(P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely:adj.孤独的，孤单的;寂寞的;荒凉的【常用短语】feellonely【词汇拓展】aloneadv.单独,独自=byoneself=onone’sown【例句】1.Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskalone.=Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskbyourselves.=Ourteacherasksustofinishthetaskonourown.2.Mygrandmalivesalone,soshefeelslonelysometimes.（2）time:n时间;次数;时代(常用复数)【常用短语】atthesametime同时intime及时；适时ontime按时，准时；按时allthetime始终，一直atatime一次；每次；在某时fromtimetotime不时，有时forthefirsttime首次；第一次知识点13:IhavelearnedmoreaboutBeijing’spastandpresent.（P14）我对北京的现在和过去了解的更多了。Beijing’spastandpresent=thepastandpresentofBeijing①一般’s形式的所有格表示有生命的所有关系。一些无生命的名词，如：时间，国家、城市等地点以及价格、重量、距离等名词也可以在词尾加’s来构成所有格。asevendays’holiday一个七天的假期London’sweather伦敦的天气tendollars’sugar十美元的糖②of所有格由“of+名词或名词短语”构成，修饰前面的名词，表示无生命的名词的所有格。如amapofChina一张中国地图③有些名词既可以用’s所有格，也可以用of所有格，两者可互换。thesonofourteacher=ourteacher’sson我们老师的儿子二、同步例题分析例1：----Whataretheydoingat________(现在)?----TheyareinterviewingMr.Green．答案：present;例2：Mycousinisusedto________(study)withhisnewfriendsinAustralia.解析：该题考查的是beusedtodoing表达习惯的用法。答案：studying；例3：Guangzhouisinthe__________(south)partofChina.4解析：该题考查的是south的形容词形式：southern.答案：southern；例4：Thoughhelivesalone,hehasalotoffriendsanddoesn’tfeel_______(孤独的).解析：该题考查的是lonely与alone的区别。答案：lonely;例5：Hedidn’t____________(意识到)hetookthewrongbusuntilthebuscametothelaststop.解析：单词realize拼写。本句是一般过去时，didn’t后面用动词原形。答案：realize;例6：我们应该做一些什么来改善这种情况。(翻译句子)Weshoulddosomethingto____________________________.答案：improvethesituation;例7：MarymarriedSimonin1999.(改为同义句)MaryandSimon_________in1999.解析:AmarryB=AandBgetmarried,句中是过去时所以用got.答案：gotmarried;例8：Imissmyoldfriendsometimes.(改为同义句)Imissmyoldfriend____________________.