金属材料腐蚀性能(英文版)

1Corrosionperformanceofmaterial2Page2Grote,Karl-Heinrich.Corrosion.SpringerHandbookofMechanicalEngineering.Springer,01January2009.P141-157.Derby,Brian.Corrosionandprotection.Springer,01January2004.DavidA.Vermilyea,Corrosion,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,Volume25,September–October1976.P29-34.QiuxiaSun.Corrosionandprotectionofmaterials.Beijing:metallurgicalindustrypress,March2001.References31.1SignificanceofCorrosionStudyPage342%44%11%3%CorrosionAbrasionBreakingOthersFigure1.1Mainfailuremodesofmaterialsa)Corrosionb)breakingFigure1.2CharacterizationofCorrosionandfracturea)b)41.1SignificanceofCorrosionStudyPage4CountryYearcorrosionloss/billionsofdollarsTheproportionofGNP/%Australia19733.53Japan1976503America1975198670017004.2Britain1969198527.31703.5FormerSovietUnion19751987196～211907～10592DamagescausedbycorrosionDirect/IndirecteconomiclossImpactonpeople’sdailylifeEnvironmentalpollutionResourcesandenergywasteTable1.1Majorindustrialcountriescorrosiondamage51.2DefinitionofMetalCorrosionPage5Corrosion—materialdegradationthroughreactionwithitsenvironmentCorrosionofmetal—deteriorationofametal,becauseofareactionwithitsenvironmentCorrosionofmaterialsisakindofspontaneousandirreversibleprocess,istheformofmatterbythehigh-energystatetothelow-energystatechanges.CorrosionCorrosionofPolymersCorrosionofmetalCorrosionofGlasses61.3DevelopmentofCorrosionStudyPage6InAncientTimes•IntheShangdynasty，tinwasusedtoimprovethecorrosionresistanceofcopper•IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod&theWarringStates，arrow-headswithChromiumoxidelayerIntheMiddleofthe18thCentury•In1800,Voltafoundthegalvanicbatteryprinciple•In1830,DeLaRiveproposedtheconceptofmicro-batteriesformetalcorrosion•In1833,FaradayputforwardFaraday'slawofelectrolysis•In1910,anticorrosivecoatingscameout7Page71.3DevelopmentofCorrosionStudya)Shangbronzesb)arrow-headsFigure1.3AnticorrosivemethodsinancientChinaFigure1.4AlessandroVoltaandhisvoltaiccellAlessandroVolta(1745–1827,Italian)81.3DevelopmentofCorrosionStudyPage8Inthe1920s-1930s—theformationofcorrosionscience•Thefounderofthemoderncorrosiondisciplines:British,U.R.Evans,PuttingforwardElectrochemicalBasicRegularityofMetalCorrosionFromtheMiddleofthe20thCenturytothePresent•Theformationofcorrosionengineering&anticorrosionsystems•ThedevelopmentofEngineeringSurfaceAnalysisTechnology,revealsthemicroscopicmechanismofcorrosionandthenature•Theintroductionofionbeam,laserbeamandplasmatechnology,newmethodofsurfaceprotection9Page9CorrosionStudyinChina•1950s,Corrosionandprotectiongroupwaslistedinthenationaldevelopmentplanning.•1970s,EstablishmentoftheCorrosionandprotectionofacademiccommitteeofChina•1980s,EstablishmentoftheInstituteofCorrosionandProtectionofChineseAcademyofSciences•2005,16thInternationalCorrosionCongress(ICC)washeldinBeijing1.3DevelopmentofCorrosionStudy101.4MainAcademicConferencePage10ConferenceTitleAbbr.CountryCycleInternationalCorrosionCongressICC-3yearAsianPacificCorrosionControlConferenceAPCCC-2yearTheEuropeanFederationofCorrosionConferenceEFCEuro1yearNationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineerANCEUSA1yearMeetingofInternationalSocietyofElectrochemistryISE-1yearMeetingofTheElectrochemicalSocietyECSUSATwice/1yearCross-StraitConferenceonCorrosionandProtectionofMaterials-ChinaTwice/1yearNationalProfessionalConferenceonCorrosionandprotection-ChinaTwice/1yearTable1.2MainAcademicConferenceandHoldingPeriod111.5MainProfessionalPeriodicalorJournalsPage11Chinaforeign中国腐蚀与防护学报Corrosion腐蚀与防护MaterialPerformance（NACE）腐蚀科学与防护技术CorrosionScience材料保护BritishCorrosionJournal表面技术全面腐蚀控制*NACE-NationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineerTable1.3MainProfessionalPeriodicalorJournalsinChinaandForeignCountry121.6MainGroupsofCorrosionofMetallicMaterialsPage12I.ClassificationaccordingtocorrosionmechanismChemicalcorrosion—causedbychemicalreactionbetweenthemetalsurfaceanditsmedia(containHigh−TemperatureCorrosion[1])Electrochemicalcorrosion—inwhichthecurrentexists(containMicrobiologicalCorrosion[2])*[1]High-TemperatureCorrosion-corrosionthattakesplaceabovethemaximumtemperatureatwhichacidscondenseanddew-pointcorrosiontakeplace[2]MicrobiologicalCorrosion-corrosioncausedbymicroorganismsoraffectionofmicroorganisms13Page13II.ClassificationaccordingtocorrosionenvironmentWetcorrosion,wherethecorrosiveenvironmentiswaterwithdissolvedspecies.Theliquidisanelectrolyteandtheprocessistypicallyelectrochemical.Corrosioninotherfluidssuchasfusedsaltsandmoltenmetals.Drycorrosion,wherethecorrosiveenvironmentisadrygas.Drycorrosionisalsofrequentlycalledchemicalcorrosionandthebest-knownexampleishigh-temperaturecorrosion.1.6MainGroupsofCorrosionofMetallicMaterials14Page14III.ClassificationaccordingtodamagetypeofcorrosionConcentration-cellcorrosion—alsoknownas“crevicecorrosion,”“gasketcorrosion,”and“depositcorrosion”.Becauseitcommonlyoccursinlocalizedareaswheresmallvolumesofstagnantsolutionexist.Pittingcorrosion—highlylocalizedformofattackonametalsurface,characterizedbythefactthatthedepthofpenetrationismuchgreaterthanthediameteroftheareaaffected.Pittingisoneofthemostdestructiveformso