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A级考试分析试题结构听力题阅读理解选择题翻译题填空题作文题选择题选择题共有10道占总分的5%内容主要考察语法返回题型虚拟语气分词结构主谓一致倒装结构从句结构独立主格时态结构虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。返回If非真实条件句(1)If从句动词主句动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(did/were)情态动词+do与过去事实相反过去完成时(haddone)情态动词+havedone与将来事实相反一般过去时(did/were)would+dowere+todoshould+doIf非真实条件句(2)与现在事实相反Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.If非真实条件句(3)与过去事实相反Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.If非真实条件句(4)与将来事实相反Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Iwish…(1)从句动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(did)与过去事实相反过去完成时(haddone)与将来事实相反would+doIwish…(2)IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。IwishedIhadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲过那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。特殊动词+宾语从句(should)+do建议suggest/propose/advise/recommend要求demand/desire/insist/require/request命令order/command意志urge/prefer/maintain/object特殊名词+表语/同位语从句(should)+do建议要求命令意志主语从句Itis+adj./p.p.+that…(should)+do特殊动词的形容词/过去分词形式:suggested/desirable/advisable/demanded/urgent/preferable特殊形容词:important/impossible/necessary/natural/essential特殊名词:apity/ashameItis(high/about)time+(that)主语从句did表示做某事的时间早完了或早该做了。从句动词用一般过去式表示虚拟。例:Itishightimeyouwenttobed.would/had+rather/sooner+宾语从句Iwouldratheryoudiditnow.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadcomehereyesterday.asif/asthoughHetalksasifheknewwheresheisnow.HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.Heopenshismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.lest/incase/forfearthat(should)+doHecheckedhiscarcarefullylestitshouldbreakdownontheway.butfor+n./but+(that)从句要不是…/如果不是因为…without…/withno…如果没有…/如果不是…wouldhavedoneTheywouldhavehelpeduswillinglybut(that)theyhappenedtobeshortofhands,too.Ifonly…:要是…就好了!与现在事实相反:IfonlyIwereaboy.与过去事实相反:Ifonlyhehadbeenherethen.与将来事实相反:IfonlyIhadanotherchance.IfonlyIcouldseeyoutomorrow.分词分词是一种非谓语动词形式现在分词:表示主动过去分词:表示被动分词可以做前置/后置定语分词可以做时间/条件/原因/结果/让步/伴随状语返回主谓一致主谓一致指“人称”和“数”之间的一致关系语法一致(grammaticalconcord)意义一致(notionalconcord)就近原则(principleofproximity)返回语法一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式。Thenumberofthestudentspresentis200主语为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。JaneandMarylookalike.意义一致主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:Thecrowdwereshouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people,personnel,police,cattle,youth,mankind,等。主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:Thenewswassosurprising.复数形式单数意义的单词有news和一些以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,economics等。就近原则谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词。这类词包括:or,either…or,neither…not,notonly…butalso,therebe结构EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.each/every/noeach/every/no+n.+and+each/every/no+n.+V.单Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.主谓倒装中的主谓一致在主谓倒装句中,谓语动词与其后的主语一致。如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.andand连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。A(knifeandfork)isonthetable.Thegirl’s(teacherandfriend)isayoungdoctor.Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisgreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.with等当主语后面跟有:aswellas/asmuchas/nolessthan/alongwith/togetherwith/with/like/ratherthan/but/except/besides/including/inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数视主语而定。如:Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.oneandahalf表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.oneof+定语从句oneof+pl.+引导词+V.复theonlyoneof+pl.+引导词+V.单Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathavebeentold.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslate.倒装含义:为了表达上的需要,有时特意颠倒句子成分或分句的一般次序,把句子的一般次序变为特殊次序的修辞手法,叫做倒装。作用:运用倒装,可以加强语势,调和音节,错综句法。完全倒装:V+S(地点/方向副词或介词短语位于句首)部分倒装:助动词/情态动词+S+V(其它情况)返回倒装分类here等方向副词+go等位移动词+名词主语in等地点副词+V+名词主语so(肯)/nor/neither(否)+助动词/情态动词+主语so+adj./adv.+助动词+主语+V+that从句only+介词短语not等表示否定意义的词作状语置于句首省略if的虚拟语气让步状语从句:形容词/名词+as+主语+谓语here等方向副词方向副词(here,there,out,in,up,off,down,away,back等)放到句首。位移动词:go,come,run,rush等。主语必须是名词。Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Theregoesthebell.铃声响了。Downcametherain.雨落了下来。Outrushedatigerfromthewood.忽然从林子里冲出一只老虎。in等介词表示的地点状语注意:这种倒装句的主语必须是名词。Inthecenterofthehallstandsawhitepiano.在大厅的中央立着一台白色的钢琴。Underthebedliesasleepingcat.床铺底下躺着一只正在睡觉的猫。Amongthemwasasoldierwhowaswoundedintheshoulder.在他们当中有一个肩部受伤的士兵。so或nor等表示类推概念用so或nor表示“我也(不)这样”一类概念时,常用以下结构:肯定:so+助动词/情态动词+主语否定:nor/neither+助动词/情态动词+主语Hehasvisitedthemuseum.―SohaveI.他已经参观了博物馆,-我也参观了。Theboycan’tskate.-Norcanhisbrother.(Neithercanhisbrother.)那男孩不会滑冰。-他的兄弟也不会。注意:如果so不是表示“我也...”而是表示“的确如此”则不能倒装。Johnwonfirstprizeinthecontest.-Sohedid.约翰在比赛中赢得一等奖。的确如此。-Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.-MyGod!SoIdid-你真不小心整个晚上把衣服搁在外面。-天哪!果真如此。so...thatso在句首修饰形容词或副词表示强调时,主句要用倒装语序,后面以that引导的结果状语从句采用自然语序。Soshallowisthelakethatnofishcanliveinit.这个湖太浅了,鱼无法在这里存活。Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleupstairscouldhearhim.他说话太大声以致楼上的人都能听见。only+介词短语作状语only所强调的方式、条件、时间状语等位于句首时,采用部分倒装。Onlybytakingataxicanyouarrivethereontime.你只有打的才能按时到达。OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinEnglish.只有采用这个办法你才能在英语方面取得进步。Onlywhenshecamehomedidhelearnthenews.只有当她回到家中他才知道这个消息。注意:如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语,不能倒装。Onlyhismotherwasinvited.只有他的妈妈受到邀请。not等表示
本文标题:A级语法
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