现代大学英语精读1 Unit 10 Mandela’s Garden

NelsonMandelaWasbornonJuly18,1918;JointlyestablishedtheAfricanNationalCongressYouthLeague(ANCYL)in1944;Wasimprisoned(1962-1990)Wasawarded,withF.W.deKlerk,NobelPeacePrizein1993;WaselectedthefirstblackPresidentofSouthAfricain1994;(HeandWinnieMandela)divorcedin1996;Resignedfromhisofficewithoutseekingasecondtermin1999HiselegantstyleofwritingAhappycombinationofabstractandspecificwords-abstract:liberating,fulfilledsatisfaction,pride,contact,freedom,cultivate,nourish-specific:startagarden,plant,watch,harvestTheuseofparallelstructures(2,8)Theuseoffigurativelanguage-leadersmustalsolookaftertheirgardens;they,too,plantseeds,andthenwatch,cultivate,andharvesttheresults(metaphors,9)-likegardeners,leadersmusttakeresponsibilityforwhattheycultivate.(simile,9)ApartheidThepolicyofwhitegovernmentofSouthAfricafrom1950totheearly1990sDiscrimination(racialsegregation)Threemajorracialgroups:White,Bantu(blackAfricans)andColored(peopleofmixeddescent),addedbyafourthcategory(Asians,IndiansandPakistanis)Wheretolive,whatjobstohold,whattypeofeducationtoreceiveNorepresentationofnonwhitesinnationalgovernment1990,formalendNon-violencepolicyMahatmaGandhiNelsonMandelaAungSanSuuKyi他是现代印度的国父，是印度最伟大的政治领袖，也是现代民族资产阶级政治学说——甘地主义的创始人。他的精神思想带领国家迈向独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的“非暴力”(ahimsa)的哲学思想，影响了全世界的民族主义者和争取能以和平变革的国际运动。昂山素季（台湾译为翁山苏姬，港澳译为昂山素姬，马新译为昂山舒吉，拉丁转写：AungSanSuuKyi，1945年6月19日－）生于缅甸仰光，是缅甸非暴力提倡民主的政治家。1990年带领全国民主联盟赢得大选的胜利，但选举结果被军政府作废。其后21年间她被军政府断断续续软禁于其寓所中长达15年，在2010年11月13日终于获释。1990年获得萨哈罗夫奖，翌年获得诺贝尔和平奖。非暴力推动缅甸民主化Vegetablevocabularytomato番茄，西红柿asparagus芦笋cucumber黄瓜eggplant茄子bean菜豆broadbean蚕豆beansprout豆芽bamboosprout竹笋beet,beetroot甜菜garlic蒜garlicsprout蒜苗potato马铃薯sweetpotato番薯，红薯pepper胡椒粉，辣椒greenpepper青椒redpepperchilli（干）辣椒cauliflower菜花，花椰菜pumpkin南瓜cabbage圆白菜，卷心菜Chinesecabbage白菜，青菜coriander香菜chive细洋葱ginger姜onion洋葱greenonion叶用葱lotusroot藕rape油菜snakegourd丝瓜white/waxgourds冬瓜gourd葫芦soy大豆pea豌豆spinach菠菜fennel茴香lettuce莴苣，生菜marrow西葫芦melon香瓜，甜瓜mushroom蘑菇celery芹菜leek韭菜radish小红萝卜carrot胡萝卜broccoli,broccoli花椰菜，硬花甘蓝Inearly1977,theauthoritiesannouncedtheendofmanuallaborandarrangedsometypeofworkforustodointhecourtyard,sowecouldspendourdaysinoursection.(1)theauthorities:hepeopleororganizationsincharge,hereitreferstotheprisonauthoritiesMoreexamples:cityauthoritiesschoolauthoritieslocalauthoritieshealthauthoritiesmilitaryauthoritiesChinaauthoritiesmanuallabor:inthepast,mandelaandotherpoliticalprisonersweremadetoworkinaquarrycuttingstones,whichwasveryhardmanuallabor.section:thepartofprisonwhereMandelaandotherprisonerswerekept.Theendofmanuallaborwasliberating.(1)Thisarrangementnotonlyfreedtheprisonersfromhardmanuallabor,butalsosavedthemlongtripstoandfromthequarrysothattheynowhadtimeandenergyforthingstheywereunabletodointhepastLiberating:Hefoundtheendofmanuallaborliberating.Hefeltliberated.Thenewswasabitsurprising.Everybodywassurprised.…topursuewhatbecametwoofmyfavoritehobbiesonRobbenIsland(1)pursue:tocontinuetryingtodoorachievesthoveralongperiodoftimee.gtopursueacareer,goal,hobby,etcfavorite:(adj)bestlikedormostenjoyede.gWhoisyourfavoritewriter?favorite:(n)1)sththatyoulikemorethanothersofthesamekind;2)sbwhoislikedandtreatedbetterthanotherse.gWouldlikemoreapplepies?It’syourfavorite.Hisseconddaughterwashergrandma’sfavorite.Tosurviveinprisononemustdevelopwaystotakesatisfactioninone’sdailylife.(2)one:(formal)peopleingeneral,includingyourself,anypersone.g.Greatworksofliteraturemakeonethink.Oneneverknowswhattheweatherwouldbe.Note:ineverydayEnglish,peopleusuallyuse“you”ratherthan“one”e.g.Youknow,youcanberichandunhappy.Ifyousmoketoomuch,youmayharmyourlungs.getsatisfactionfromsthfindsatisfactioninsthtakesatisfactionin/fromsth:tofeelhappyorfindpleasureinsthe.g.ShefindsgreatsatisfactioninhelpingherneighborstolearnEnglish.Theboygetssatisfactionfromteachinghisgrandpahowtousethecomputer.Heusedtotakesatisfactioninmakingfunofothers.develop:tocreatesthoveraperiodoftimedevelopmethods/plans/anewtheoryOnecanfeelfulfilledby…,by…,by…(2)feelfulfilled:tofeelhappyandsatisfiedbecauseyouaredoingusefulorimportantthingsemptyofsth:completelywithoutsthe.g.Therestaurantwasalmostemptyofcustomers.Thestreetwasemptyoftraffic.organize:toarrangethingssothattheycanbefoundorusedeasilyandquickly;toputthingsinaparticularordere.g.Hespentsometimeorganizinghisbookcaseattheweekend.Heorganizedtheinformationhehadcollectedfortheessay.…onecanfindthesameprideindoingsmallthings…(2)take/findpridein(doing)sth:tofeelverypleasedaboutsthorsb(Para.2)e.g.Thelittletowntakesgreatprideintheirrecentachievements.Thechildrentakeprideinwearingschooluniform.Theygavein.(3)Theyunwillinglyagreed.giveinto:tofinallyagreetowhatsbwants,afterrefusingforaperiodoftime(Para.3)e.g.Thefactoryfinallygaveintotheworkers’demandforapayraise.Whenyoubadlywantacigarette,don’tgiveintoit.Givegiveintosbgiveupdoing/sthgiveupto让给giveoneselfupto…give…away赠送，送出，背叛，泄露giveway撤退，让路，屈服，失去控制，倒塌giveout分发，散发，公布，用尽，出故障…someofmycomradesjokedthatIwasamineratheart…(4)atheart:basically;fundamentally.Itisusedtosaywhatsomeone’sbasiccharacteris.