Flake Furnish Characterization Modeling Board Prop

UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureForestServiceForestProductsLaboratoryResearchPaperFPL–RP–577FlakeFurnishCharacterizationModelingBoardPropertiesWithGeometricDescriptorsRobertL.GeimerJamesW.EvansDodySetiabudiAbstractFourflakefurnishesdifferingineithertargetlengthandwidthorinproductionmethodswerecombinedanddegradedtoestablish13differentfurnishtypes.Samplesfromeachfurnishtypewerethenexaminedusingimageanalysistech-niques.Byrankingthedatafromsmallesttolargest,percen-tilevalueswereobtainedforlongchord,width,area,andperimeter.Cumulativedistributioncurvesvisuallypresentedthedifferenceinthesegeometricdescriptorsbetweenfurnishtypes.Datawereanalyzedtodeterminethedescriptorsmostusefulinpredictingtheflakealignmentpotentialaswellastheboardpropertiesofbendingmodulusofelasticity,shearstress,thicknessswell,andlinearexpansion.Keywords:flakefurnish,characterization,imageanalysis,flakegeometry,boardpropertiesSeptember1999Geimer,RobertL.;Evans,JamesW.;Setiabudi,Dody.1999.Flakefurnishcharacterization—Modelingboardpropertieswithgeometricdescriptors.Res.Pap.FPL–RP–577.Madison,WI:U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,ForestService,ForestProductsLaboratory.36p.AlimitednumberoffreecopiesofthispublicationareavailabletothepublicfromtheForestProductsLaboratory,OneGiffordPinchotDrive,Madison,WI53705–2398.LaboratorypublicationsaresenttohundredsoflibrariesintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere.TheForestProductsLaboratoryismaintainedincooperationwiththeUniversityofWisconsin.TheuseoftradeorfirmnamesinthispublicationisforreaderinformationanddoesnotimplyendorsementbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureofanyproductorservice.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)prohibitsdiscrimina-tioninallitsprogramsandactivitiesonthebasisofrace,color,nationalorigin,gender,religion,age,disability,politicalbeliefs,sexualorientation,ormaritalorfamilialstatus.(Notallprohibitedbasesapplytoallpro-grams.)Personswithdisabilitieswhorequirealternativemeansforcommu-nicationofprograminformation(braille,largeprint,audiotape,etc.)shouldcontacttheUSDA’sTARGETCenterat(202)720–2600(voiceandTDD).Tofileacomplaintofdiscrimination,writeUSDA,Director,OfficeofCivilRights,Room326-W,WhittenBuilding,14thandIndependenceAvenue,SW,Washington,DC20250–9410,orcall(202)720–5964(voiceandTDD).USDAisanequalemploymentopportunityemployer.ContentsPageIntroduction...........................................................................1Background...........................................................................1Objective...............................................................................2Procedure...............................................................................2FlakePreparation...............................................................2FlakeCharacterization.......................................................3BoardFabrication..............................................................4Testing...............................................................................4ResultsandDiscussion..........................................................6FurnishCharacterization....................................................6FlakeAlignment..............................................................11BoardProperties..............................................................14Models.............................................................................23PredictingBoardPropertiesUsingFlakeCharacteristics.................................................................27DeterminingSampleSizes...............................................35Conclusions.........................................................................35References...........................................................................35FlakeFurnishCharacterizationModelingBoardPropertiesWithGeometricDescriptorsRobertL.Geimer,ResearchForestProductsTechnologist(retired)JamesW.Evans,SupervisoryMathematicalStatisticianForestProductsLaboratory,Madison,WisconsinDodySetiabudi,ResearchWoodScientistAgencyforForestryResearchandDevelopment,Samarinda,EastKalimantan,IndonesiaIntroductionIn1999,35yearsafterthecommercializationofstructuralflakeboard,thecombinedannualflakeboardproductioncapacityofCanadaandtheUnitedStatesisprojectedtoreach18.7millioncubicmeters,capturing50%ofthemam-mothcommoditysheathingmarket(Spelter1997,Tansey1994)(Spelter1997,personalcommunication).Aswithmostcommodityproducts,competitionhasmotivatedproductandprocessoptimization.Fabricationtechniqueshavebeenaltered,incorporatingflakealignmenttoachievehighbend-ingstiffnessinorientedstrandboard(OSB),whichisavaria-tionofstructuralflakeboard.Layeredboardconfigurationshavebeendevelopedtocontrollinearexpansionandfurthertheeconomicuseoflowergradematerial.Majorimprove-mentsmadeinflakeproduction(whole-log,ringtypeflakers)andresinblending(spinningdiskatomization)havepermit-tedmanufacturerstoreduceboarddensityandgluecon-sumption.Theefficiencythusgainedhasreducedthemarginformanufacturingerror.Amajorproblemmanufacturersarefacing,bothnowandintothefuture,ism