英美概况答案[new]

KeytoASurveyoftheUKandUSA英美概况练习答案KeytoUnit1GeographyI.Definethefollowingterms.1.TheBritishIslesareageographicalnames.Theyaremadeupoftwolargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones.ThetwolargeislandsareGreatBritainandIreland.GreatBritainisthelargerofthesetwoislands.ItformstheUnitedKingdomwithNorthernIreland-thenorthernpartofIreland.2.Englandidthelargestandmostdevelopedofallthethree.Ittakesupnearly60%ofthewholeisland.Itspopulationismorethan50millionwhichmakesup85%ofthecountry'stotalpopulation.EnglisharethemajorityintheUnitedKingdom.3.TheBritishCommonwealthortheCommonwealthofNationsisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.Atpresentthereare50membercountrieswithintheCommonwealth(1991).II.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.1.Northwestern2.GreatBritain,NorthernIreland3.Scottish,Welsh4.England5.London6.NorthernIreland7.19218.BenNevis9.AtlanticGulfStream10.NorthSeaIII.Questionsfordiscussion.1.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritainandtheBritishIsles,GreatBritain,England,theUnitedKingdomandtheBritishCommonwealth?TheBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEnglandaregeographicalnames,notheofficialnamesofthecountry,whiletheofficialnameistheUnitedKingdom,butthefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.TheBritishCommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.2.DescribethegeographicalpositionofBritainBritainisanislandcountry.Itissurroundedbythesea.ItliesinthenorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.3.DescribethedistributionofBritain’spopulation.Britainhasapopulationof57million.Itisdenselypopulated,withanaverageof237peoplepersquarekilometer.Itisalsoveryunevenlydistributed,with90%ofthepopulationinurbanareas,10%inruralareas.Geographically,mostBritishpeopleliveinEngland.Ofthetotalof57millionpeople,47millionliveinEngland,14millionliveinLondonandSoutheasternEngland.Keytounit2historyI.Definethefollowingterms.1.TheNormanConquestWilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedKingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristmasDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.2.theHardian’sWall:ItwasoneofthetwogreatwallsbuiltbytheRomanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyhadconquered.3.DomesdayBookUnderWilliam,thefeudalsystemwasestablished.WilliamsentofficialstocompileapropertyrecordknownasDomesdayBook,whichcompletedin1086.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085.Itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItseemedtotheEnglishliketheBookofdoomonJudgmentDay.4.theGreatCharterKingJohn’sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.ThoughithaslongbeenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberties,itsspiritwasthelimitationoftheking’spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.5.theHundredYears’WarItreferredtotheintermittentwarbetweenFranceandEnglandthatlastfrom1337to1453.Thecauseswerepartlyterritorialandpartlyeconomic.WhenEdwardIIIclaimedtheFrenchCrownbuttheFrenchrefusedtorecognize,thewarbrokeout.AtfirsttheEnglishweresuccessful,butintheend,theyweredefeatedandlostalmostalltheirpossessionsinFrance.TheexpellingoftheEnglishwasablessingforbothcountries.6.IndustrialRevolutionItreferstothemechanizationofindustryandtheconsequencesinsocialandeconomicorganizationinBritaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.TheconsequencesoftheIndustrialRevolutionare:Britainwasby1830the“workshopoftheworld”;andmechanizationgrewrapidlyandbecamethesourceofthenation’swealth.II.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.1..Anglo-Saxons,Celts2.Jutes,Saxons,Angles,Angles3.Danes,Alfred4.Hastings5.feudal6.King7.BlackDeath,two8.theDivineRightofKings9.theking,theParliament10.Commonwealth,LordProtectorIII.Questionsfordiscussion.1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheRomaninvasionofBritain?In55BCand54BC,JuliusCaesar,aRomangeneral,invadedBritaintwice.InAD43,theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400yearsBritainwasundertheRomanoccupation,thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation.BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.2.WhydidtheWilliamtheConquerorinvadeEnglandafterEdward’sdeath?ItwassaidthatkingEdwardhadpromisedtheEnglishthronetoWilliambuttheWitanchoseHaroldasking.SoWilliamledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.InOctober1066,duringtheimportantbattleofHastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim.OnChristmasDay,WilliamwascrownedkingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.3.WhatweretheconsequencesoftheNormanConquest?TheNormanConquestof1066isoneofthebestknowneventsinEnglishhistory.Itbroughtaboutmanyconsequences.WilliamconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.RelationswiththeContinentwereopened,andcivilization