英汉句法的对比与翻译

英汉句法的对比与翻译英汉句法结构的比较英语长句的翻译英汉句法结构的比较Amarketanalystisapersonwithspecialistknowledgeofaspecificmarketwhooftenpredictswhatwillhappenandtriestoexplainwhathashappened.市场分析员是拥有某个特定市场专业知识，往往能预测市场并试图对市场现象作出解释的人。Amarketanalystisapersonwithspecialistknowledgeofaspecificmarketwhooftenpredictswhatwillhappenandtriestoexplainwhathashappened.(1)形合：借助各种外显性的标记来实现语义，逻辑关系形态（时体变化）:analyst,specialist,predicts,tries,will,hashappened形式词（连接词，关系词等）:with,of,who,what,and(2)聚集型：以主谓结构为基础，其他句子成分逐一扩展、组合、变化或省略(3)空间架：运用各种关系词把各语义成分粘附到主谓结构主框架上，排序往往先短后长，避免头重脚轻。市场分析员是拥有某个特定市场专业知识，往往能预测市场并试图对市场现象作出解释的人。(1)意合：较少使用形式上的连接手段，语义合成主要通过无显形标记的动词或动词词组来实现With---拥有，whatwillhappened---市场，whathashappened---市场现象(2)流散型：用语义关系控制句子结构，不受形式约束，常省略介词，连词等(with,of,who,what)(3)时间架：汉语造句突出动词，常按各动作实际或逻辑上的时间顺序铺呈句子。如：他五岁时生了一场病，变成了聋子英语汉语显性隐性形摄神摄语法型语用型树形竹形形合神合空间架时间架主语突出主题突出立体性平面性聚集型流散型It’srainingat5:30p.m.,onadark,wintrydayinnorthernCalifornia,whereKaren,tiredafterherfive-hourdrive,isplanningtocheckintoherhotelbeforeabusinessdinnermeetingscheduledfor7:30.加州北部，冬日的雨天，已是傍晚5:30，卡伦已驱车5小时，感到疲惫不堪，她打算在定于7:30开始的商务晚宴前赶到宾馆办理完入住手续。英语长句的翻译（1）合句法：在处理大量的偏正关系时，一般会把后置的定语或定语从句归于先行词前Thisisnoclasswar,butawarinwhichthewholenationisengaged,withoutdistinctionofrace,creed,orparty.Bycomparisonthemachinerywhichitreplacedwascapableofproducingonly257millioneggsannually.Thisisnoclasswar,butawarinwhichthewholenationisengaged,withoutdistinctionofrace,creed,orparty.这不是一场阶级之间的战争，而是一场不分种族，不分信仰，不分党派，整个国家都参与的战争Bycomparisonthemachinerywhichitreplacedwascapableofproducingonly257millioneggsannually.相比之下，原先被替换的机器每年只能加工257亿个蛋。（2）分句法：从句、短语、并列结构等WearesendingyouoursalesconfirmationNo.789induplicate,onecopyofwhichpleasesignandreturnforourfile.Wefindbothqualityandpricesofyourproductssatisfactoryandencloseourtrialorderforpromptsupply.Lookingthroughourrecords,wenotewithregretthatwehavenothadthepleasureofanorderfromyousinceDecember.WearesendingyouoursalesconfirmationNo.789induplicate,onecopyofwhichpleasesignandreturnforourfile.现寄上第789号销售确认书一式两份，请签退一份供我方存档。Wefindbothqualityandpricesofyourproductssatisfactoryandencloseourtrialorderforpromptsupply.我们对你方产品的质量和价格均感满意，现寄去试订单，请供应现货。Lookingthroughourrecords,wenotewithregretthatwehavenothadthepleasureofanorderfromyousinceDecember.核对我方记录，很遗憾，自去年12月份以来，我公司没有收到过贵方订单。（3）顺序法：宾语从句、同位语、并列句等大多可顺译Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.Theglobaleconomythatboomedinthe1960s,growingatanaverageof5.5percentayear,andpushedaheadata4.5percent-a-yearrateinthemid-1970s,simplystoppedgrowingin1981-1982.Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.声明宣称：国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续加大。Theglobaleconomythatboomedinthe1960s,growingatanaverageof5.5percentayear,andpushedaheadata4.5percent-a-yearrateinthemid-1970s,simplystoppedgrowingin1981-1982.世界经济于20世纪60年代十分繁荣，每年平均以5.5%的比率增长，到了70年代中期仍以平均每年4.5%的比率增长，但在1981年至1982年期间完全停止了增长。（4）逆序法：先后，因果，假设-推论，事实-结论Wearepreparedtoallowyoua10%quantitydiscountifyourorderexceeds200cartons.HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantthejobthatwasobviouslya“step”towardwhatallAmericansaretaughttowantwhentheygrowup:moneyandpower.Wearepreparedtoallowyoua10%quantitydiscountifyourorderexceeds200cartons.如果你方订单超过200箱，拟予以10%的数量折扣。HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantthejobthatwasobviouslya“step”towardwhatallAmericansaretaughttowantwhentheygrowup:moneyandpower.所有美国人接受的教育都是长大以后如何追求金钱和权力，这份工作明明是迈向该目标的“一大步”，而我却偏偏不要，他对此大惑不解。（5）重组法：后置定语常放中心词前，时间，地点，条件状语常放句首Publicationoftheminutes,forinstance,wouldbewarrantedabovealliftheycontainedkeyinformationnotobtainableinanyotherway.例如，如果会议记录含有重要信息，而这些信息又不能通过别的途径获得，那么，要公布这些信息，首先应得到批准。Exercise:Wedeeplyregrettheinconveniencethisdelayhascausedyouandotherestablishedcustomers.Buttheimportantthingtorememberisthatinthemodernworldwemustgivepeopleskillswhichwillpreparethemforthechangingofmanufacturingandproductionwhichisnowuponus.Developedtomeettheneedsofveryhighoutputnetworks,thisnewsocketischaracterizedfirstofallbyitsexceptionalperformance.Newweb-connectedphonescontainaddressanddatebooksandwillchirptoalertyouwhenyourplaneisdelayedoryoureBayauctionitemhasbeenoutbid.Wedeeplyregrettheinconveniencethisdelayhascausedyouandotherestablishedcustomers.我们为这次耽误给您和其它老客户造成的不便深表歉意。Buttheimportantthingtorememberisthatinthemodernworldwemustgivepeopleskillswhichwillpreparethemforthechangingofmanufacturingandproductionwhichisnowuponus.但是需要记住的重要事情是，在现代世界里，我们必须向人们传授技能，使他们做好准备，应对我们所面临的生产制造领域的不断变化Developedtomeettheneedsofveryhighoutputnetworks,thisnewsocketischaracterizedfirstofallbyitsexceptionalperformance.这种新型的插座是为了满足高输出网络的需要而开发的产品，它首要的特点是性能卓越。Newweb-connectedphonescontainaddressanddatebooksandwillchirptoalertyouwhenyourplaneisdelayedoryoureBayauctionitemhasbeenoutbid.新型的可上网手机存有地址和记事簿。当你的飞机误点或你在eBay拍卖网上的竞价被超出时，手机就会发出声音提醒你。