中国文化英语教程Unit-19

Unit19AVarietyofSplendidFolkArtsLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inDoyouknowwhichkindoffolkartsthefollowingpicturesrefersto?Papercut.IntroductionCloisonné(景泰蓝):ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsNewYearPicture(年画):EnhancingtheFestiveAtmospherePapercuts:AWorldCreatedwithScissorsTextstudyEmbroidery(刺绣):TenFingerLikeaSpringBreezeShadowPlay(皮影):theArtofLightandShadowIntroductionFolkartsinChinahavedevelopeddynamically,withmanyformsenjoyingaworldwidereputation.Herewepresentanintroductiontoaselectfew.CloisonnéisatraditionalartwidelyknowninandoutsideChina.ItisakindofsuperblocalexpertisefromBeijing,whichcombinestheskillsofbronzeart,porcelain,carving,andothertypesoffolkarts.Itisdeemedvaluableintheeyesofcollectors,aswellasprovidingrefinedornamentsfordailyuse.景泰蓝——故宫珍品Cloisonné—apieceoftreasureinForbiddenCityCloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGems•ThemakingofcloisonnéfirstappearedduringtheJingtaireign(1450-1457)oftheMingDynasty,withthemaincolorusedbeingblue,hencethenameJingtaiblueorcloisonnéasitbecameknownlateron.•BythetimeoftheChenghuareign(1465-1487),thetechniquesformakingcloisonnéwerefurtherdeveloped,withproductsofthisperiodlookingheavyanddignifiedyetnotlackingineloquenceorvividness.Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGems•Itscastwasalwaysmadeofchoicecopper,decoratedwithenamel(珐琅)andcolorfulglazenaturallyextractedfromminerals,sothatitwouldresemblepreciousgems.•TheMingcloisonnéartifactsextanttodayweremostlyproducedduringtheJingtaiandChenghuareigns.Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsItsmouth,bellyandbaseareweldedtogetherinsteadofbeingoriginallyonepiece.Itssurfaceisfirstinlaidwithcopperwires,beforethecolorfulglazeisapplied.Theninepeachesandbatshavethesymbolicmeaningofhappiness,longevityandpeace.寿意瓶Cloisonnévasewithapeach-and-batdesignCloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsGuesshowmanyworkingproceduresaCloisonnéproductioninvolves?Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsCloisonnéproductioninvolvesverycomplicatedtechniques,withmorethan30workingprocedures.1.themakingofthecoppercast:2.filigree(掐丝);3.stippling(点刻)blue;4.Heating;5.Burnishing;6.Gliding.Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGemsSixstepsofcloisonnéproduction:Cloisonné:ArtifactswiththeGleamofPreciousGems•CloisonnéwasfurtherdevelopedduringtheQingDynasty.Technically,whileitovercametheweaknessoftheporosityoftheMingproducts,butartistically,itlackedtheformer'ssimplicityanddignifiedheaviness.•AftertheQingDynasty,duetooverproductionandtheunevenskillsofcraftspeople,thequalityofcloisonnécouldhardlymatchthatofMingcloisonnéproducts.SpringFestival(orChineseNewYear)isthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.Peoplecelebrateitwithlanternsandstreamers,nomatterwheretheylive,inthecountrysideorinthecity.NewYearpicturesareanindispensablepartofthiscelebrationforeachandeveryhousehold.PeopleputupNewYearpicturesintheirhomestoenhancethelivelyfestiveatmosphere.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereMostNewYearpicturesfeaturedesignssymbolizinggoodfortune,auspiciousness(吉利)andactivities.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereChinaisacountryofvastterritory,sothestylesofNewYearpicturesvaryfromnorthtosouth.ThenorthernNewYearpicturesarebestrepresentedbythoseproducedinYangliuqinginTianjinMunicipality,whileinthesouththerearethosefromTaohuawuinSuzhouCity,JiangsuProvince.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereYangliuqingisasmalltownlocatedinthesouthwesternoutskirtsofTianjin.About300yearsago,itsNewYearpicturesbegantoenjoygreatfame,witheveryfamilyadeptatcreatingthisparticulargenreofpainting.YangliuqingNewYearpicturesadoptthemethodofxylograph(版画印画法)overprintingcombinedwithhand-paintedcolor.henceestablishingitsdistinctivefeatureofhalfprinting,halfpainting.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphere•TheprocessofmakingNewYearpictures:1)carvedesignsoutofwood;2)printthepictures;3)colorthepictures;4)mount(裱贴)thepictures.•Allpicturesarehandmadepaintingsratherthanmass-producedproducts,andallevoketracesofthewoodcutandthefeelofbrushwork.Withexquisitecraftsmanship,YangliuqingNewYearpicturesareverypopularwithChinesepeople.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphere•ThelivelyfestiveatmosphereisbestreflectedintheYangliuqingNewYearpictures.Freshandeffervescent,eachpicturereproducesaninterestingscenefromeverydaylife.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphere杨柳青年画母子图YangliuqingNewYearPictureMotherandSon杨柳青年画YangliuqingNewYearPictureNewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphere•TaohuawuNewYearpictures,producedusingtraditionaltechniquesofwatercolorblockprinting,arecharacteristicofthedelicateandgentlestyleinareassouthofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.•Thematically,thepicturesdrawmuchfromthepaintingsofliteratiaswellasfolkstories;whileartistically,mostarescholarlyandrefined,unliketheheavyandresplendentstyleoftheYangliuqingpictures.NewYearPictures:EnhancingtheFestiveAtmosphereTaohuawuNewYearpicturesoncespreadtoJapanandexertedacertaininfluenceonJapaneseukiyoelpaintings(浮世绘),orpaintingsfromthefloatingworld.About300yearsago,TaohuawuNewYearpicturesbegan