谷子核心种质表型遗传多样性分析及综合评价

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(1):1930:[e-mail](31301328,31171560),(2014BAD07B01),(CARS07-12.5-A02,CARS-07-12.5-A12)ThisstudywassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(31301328,31171560),theNationalKeyTechnologyRe-searchandDevelopmentProgram(2014BAD07B01),theSpecialProgramofModernAgro-industryTechnologySystem(CARS07-12.5-A02,CARS-07-12.5-A12)andtheAgriculturalScienceandTechnologyInnovationProgramofCAAS.*(Correspondingauthors):,E-mail:[e-mail],Tel:[phone];,E-mail:[e-mail],Tel:[phone]:E-mail:[e-mail],Tel:[phone]Received():2015-06-01;Accepted():2015-09-06;Publishedonline():2015-10-08.URL::10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00019谷子核心种质表型遗传多样性分析及综合评价王海岗1贾冠清2智慧2温琪汾1董俊丽1陈凌1王君杰1曹晓宁1刘思辰1王纶1乔治军1,*刁现民2,*1//,030031;2,100081:,,87815,,:(1),;,,;(2)3,I,II,III;3;(3),8:;;;PhenotypicDiversityEvaluationsofFoxtailMilletCoreCollectionsWANGHai-Gang1,JIAGuan-Qing2,ZHIHui2,WENQi-Fen1,DONGJun-Li1,CHENLing1,WANGJun-Jie1,CAOXiao-Ning1,LIUSi-Chen1,WANGLun1,QIAOZhi-Jun1,*,andDIAOXian-Min2,*1InstituteofCropGermplasmResources,ShanxiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences/KeyLaboratoryofCropGeneResourcesandGermplasmEn-hancementonLoessPlateau,MinistryofAgriculture/ShanxiKeyLaboratoryofGeneticResourcesandGeneticImprovementofMinorCrops,Tai-yuan030031,China;2InstituteofCropScience,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,ChinaAbstract:Evaluationofgeneticdiversitycouldbenefittheidentificationofoptimalparentalcombinationsforobtainingsegregat-ingoffspringwithmaximumgeneticvariability,andfacilitatetheintrogressionoffavorablegenesfromvariousgermplasmintocommercialcultivars.Inthisstudy,foxtailmilletcorecollectionsincluding878world-wideaccessionswereevaluatedthroughphenotypicanalysisof15agronomictraits.Mainconclusionsareasfollows:(1)Chineseaccessionspresenthigherlevelofphe-notypicdiversity,especiallyingrainweightpermainstem,paniclelength,paniclediameter,plantheight,stemnodenumberandgrowthperiod;phenotypicdiversityislowerinelitecultivarsthanintraditionallandraces;gainsofbreedingprogressinfoxtailmilletareexpressedinreducedplantheightandpaniclelength,couplingwithincreaseddiameterofmainstem,stemnodenumber,paniclediameter,grainweightpermainstem,panicleweightpermainstemandgrowthperiod;(2)fromtheclusteranalysis,for-eignresourcesaredividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtothegeographicalorigins,thefirstcategorymainlyincludesaccessionsfromnortheastEuropeancountries,thesecondclusterismainlycollectedfromNorthAmericaandAfrica,andthethirdgroup2042includesvarietiesmainlyfromEastAsia,SouthAsia,African,andEuropeancountries;Chinesecollectionsisabletobedividedintothreegroupsofspring-sowing,summer-sowingandsouthernecotypes;(3)comprehensiveassessmentofphenotypictraitsbasedonprincipalcomponentanalysis(PCA)andstepregressionanalysisdemonstratesthatleafsheathcolor,bristlelength,hullcolor,graincolor,plantheight,spikelength,stemdiameterandgrainweightperplantcanbeusedasmainidentificationindica-torsoffoxtailmilletphenotypicvariations.Thisresearchwillbenefittheutilizationoffoxtailmilletresourcesinvarietybreedingpracticesinthefuture.Keywords:Foxtailmillet;Corecollections;Phenotypictraits;Comprehensiveevaluations(SetariaitalicaBeauv.),,,80%,10%,[1],2/3,200,350,;,[2]E,[3-5],11500,6000[6],,,,[7],,[8],[9-10][11-12][13-14][15-16],,[17],,,(Zeamays)(Sorghumbicolor)(Saccharumofficinarum)(Pennisetumglaucum)(Panicummiliaceum)C4[18],,27000[19],[7],,[20-26],3,[27],[3-5][28][29],,,1材料与方法1.1878,491,29493,,,[7]1.22012—2013,2(37.6°N,112.7°E)878152,2.5m[30],6,;9,1:21,,,1.3MicrosoftExcel2003Statistic6.0DPS7.05,,,μ(xi)=(xi–ximin)/(ximax–ximin)(i=1,2,3,…,878),[0,1],μ(xi)i,xii,ximaxximiniShannon-Wiener’s(Shannon-Wienerdiversityindex,H')2结果与分析2.12.1.1质量性状56.09%,24.07%,16.41%;,69.05%,,10.28%9.12%;2~4mm,65.47%;,84.87%;77.46%,(8.27%)(5.64%)(4.20%);92.09%,,2.1.2数量性状1,9,,7.94,,43.41;,,0.67,1.849,139.17±20.94cm,45.00~195.00cm,150.00;,Y-859,195.00cm,1,45cm0.68±0.12cm,1.00~63.50cm,0.95;,Y-806Y-8120.25cm,81.20cm,11.73±1.84,4.00~17.00,13;,1,4,555,1710.84±4.47cm,1.00~36.25,35.25;,917,1cm,Y-759,36.25cm23.98±5.62cm,5.25~43.00,37.75;,Y-816,5.25cm,Y-837,43.00cm2.54±0.61cm,0.95~5.15cm,4.2;,Y-778,0.95cm,,5.15cm15.03±5.95cm,0.20~39.50g,39.30;11.85±5.14cm,0.15~34.20g,34.05;,,39.50g34.20g表1878份谷子资源的数量性状变化及分布特征Table1Variationanddistributionofquantitativetraitsin878foxtailmilletaccessionsAgronomictraitMean±SDRangeCV(%)H'Plantheight(cm)139.17±20.9445.00–195.0015.041.73Diameterofmainstem(cm)0.68±0.120.25–1.2017.711.59Stemnodenumber11.73±1.844.00–17.0015.711.74Pedunclelength(cm)10.84±4.471.00–36.2541.241.03Paniclelength(cm)23.98±5.625.25–43.0023.451.80Paniclediameter(cm)2.54±0.610.95–5.1523.950.67Panicleweightpermainstem(g)15.03±5.950.20–39.5039.581.84Grainweightpermainstem(g)11.85±5.140.15–34.2043.411.82Growthperiod(d)121.79±9.6756.00–155.007.941.392242图1878份谷子资源主要数量性状指标的分布情况Fig.1Distributiondiagramofquantitativetraitsof878foxtailmilletaccessions1:2