2.主谓一致

主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致语法一致原则语法一致原则PrincipleofgrammaticalconcordPrincipleofgrammaticalconcord概念一致原则概念一致原则PrincipleofnotionalconcordPrincipleofnotionalconcord邻近一致原则邻近一致原则PrincipleofproximityPrincipleofproximityLectureTwo语法一致原则。主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。Myfriendhasnointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.Myfriendshavenointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.意义一致原则。主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义决定。TheclassarebusyingwritingEnglishpassages.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywhichhasadvancedscienceandtechnology.就近原则。谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。NeithermyfriendsnorIwasabletopersuadehimtoacceptouradvice.Eitherheorshehasbrokenthewindow,forthereisnooneelsethere.Thereisateacherandfiftystudentsintheclassroom.集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题一、必须用复数的情形police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口),clothes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时，谓语总是用复数。如：Myclothesweresoaked.我的衣服都湿透了。Thepolicearelookingintothecomplaint.警察在了解这项投诉。二、必须用单数的情形clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage/luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词。如：Furnitureischieflymadeofwood.PoetrywasbloominginChinaintheTangdynasty.中国的诗歌在唐代十分盛行。三、可用单数或复数的情形family，team，class，crowd，government，crew(乘务员)，jury，committee(委员会)，council理事会，community，army，family，audience，public等集合名词注：有时没有特定的上下文，用单数或复数谓语区别不大。如：Thepublicare/isrequestednottoleavelitterinthepark.并列主语与谓语动词的一致1.由and/both…and连接的并列结构做主语Thesecretaryandtreasurerisabsent.Whysingularverbisusedhere?1)and连接的是两个单数可数名词且两个名词前均有冠词，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：Behindthewallstandahouseandagarage。2)当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，谓语通常要用单数：Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.3)如果and连接的两个不可数名词且前面均无冠词，并且表示一个事物或一个概念，则谓语动词要用单数形式；如果两个名词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，则谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：CourageandresolutionarethespiritandsoulofvirtueThisbreadandbutteristoobig.Trialanderroristhesourceofknowledge.4).当由and连接的两个并列主语受each,every,no的修饰时，谓语用单数：Everyboyand(every)girllikesthebook.DuringtheChristmasseason，everytrainandairlinerwascrowdedNodeskand(no)chairwasseenintheroom.Nodoctorandnonursehasshownup.5).awatchandchain，aneedleandthread，aknifeandfork，acoatandtie，abowandarrow，alockandkey，thewheelandaxle，thehammerandsickle，等等在句中作主语时，谓语动词均为单数形式。2.由notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…,…or…连接主语时，动词采用邻近原则与最近的人称和数保持一致。NotonlytheybutalsoJohndoesn’tfeellikeeatinganythingforthemoment.Eithertheplayersorthecoachisresponsibleforthedefeat．3.当主语由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,ratherthan,nolessthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等词连接时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。Tom,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday．Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschool_____girls．Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth_____sea．Loadsofapples____beenpicked.Plentyofthesugar____importedfromChina.areishaveis表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateverbform1.表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数。如：Twentyyearsisalongtime.但若与pass,goby,spend,waste等连用时，谓语动词用复数。如：Twentyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.2.分数(百分数)作主语“分数(百分数)+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：About30percentofthepupilswereabsentthatday.3.“onein[outof]+复数名词”作主语此时谓语动词通常用单数。如：Onlyoneintenstudentshaspassedtheexamination.Oneoutoftwelvebottleswasbroken.【注意】在非正式文体中有时也用复数谓语。如：Nationwide,oneinfiveadultsareilliterate.4.“allof(someof,noneof,halfof,mostof,lotsof,plentyof)+名词”作主语谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：MostoftheEarth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Compare:Halfoftheappleisbad.Halfoftheapplesarebad.5.“the[a]numberof+名词”作主语Thenumberofstudentsis4000.Anumberofpeoplewereabsentfromthemeeting.注意类似结构：Thevarietyofgoodsinthisshopisrich.这家商店的品种丰富。Avarietyofbookshavebeenpublished.已出版了各种各样的书。.1.不定代词each,another,theother,either,neither和由some,any,no,every＋one或thing构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining．Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe﹖Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike．Eachofushasatape-recorder.不定代词作主语时的主谓一致2.both,(a)few,many,several作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。Both(of)theinstrumentsarenotpreciseones．Few(oftheguests)werefamiliartous.3.all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数。Alliswellthatendswell．Allareeagertoreachanagreement．4.manya,morethanone＋单数名词构成的短语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。Manyacomradehasthatkindofopportunity.Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestion.注意：1）“More+复数名词thanone”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：Morepersonsthanonehaveknownit.不止一个人知道这件事。2）如果morethan+复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。Morethantwohundredpeoplehaveturnedoutatthemeeting.oneof+复数名词+定语从句1.定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthathaveappearedthisyear.Hewasoneoftheboyswhowerepraised.Thisisoneoftheroomsthatweredamagedinthefire．2.若“one”前加“this,the,theonly”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraised.(关系词who代theonlyone)Maryistheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplaysintheband．1.在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语,主句的谓语动词取决于表语Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery．WhathisfatherlefthimareafewEnglishbooks．2.当what从句具有两个或两个以上的动词，是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式。WhatIsayandthinkarenoneofyourbusiness．3.以who,why,how,whether或that引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Whyshedidthisisnotknown．她为什么做这件事还不清楚。注：由howandwhy,whenandwhere引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：HowandwhyhehadcometoPrincetonNewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,successandsadness．他为什么以及怎样来到新泽西普林斯顿是一个充满着斗争、成功和悲哀的故事。2、“morethanone/manya+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Morethanonepersonhasknownit.Manyaworkerwas