材料性能 Ch0 Introduction

MaterialsPropertiesCh0Introduction绪论万国江教授、博导西南交通大学材料学院January19,2020GuojiangWanProf.Dr.ofMaterialsScienceSouthwestJiaotongUniversityCourseB0155Description:Title:MaterialsProperties(MP)TextbookorReferences:材料性能学张帆上海交通大学出版社2009.1第一版材料性能学王从曾北京工业大学出版社2001.6第一版FundamentalsofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,FifthEdition,WilliamD.Callister,Jr.(材料科学与工程基础第五版（英文影印版）,化学工业出版社)Instructor:Prof.Dr.GJWAN,[e-mail]:18280356659URL:://202.115.71.132/page/index.jsp?TeacherID=1015Attendance&Homework30%Experiments(required)10%FinalExam60%GRADING1.Definition材料性能：材料在给定的外界条件下的行为。力学(Mechanical)电学（Electrical）磁学（Magnetic）光学（Optical）热学（Thermal）化学（Chemical）Materials’ResponsetoExternalStimulusResponsetypes有多少行为，就对应地有多少性能，Forexample:PhysicalMechanical-Loading/forces•ElectricalResistivityofCopper:•Adding“impurity”atomstoCuincreasesresistivity.•DeformingCuincreasesresistivity.ELECTRICAL-ElectricfieldMAGNETIC-MagneticFieldFig.20.18,Callister6e.(Fig.20.18isfromJ.U.Lemke,MRSBulletin,Vol.XV,No.3,p.31,1990.)•MagneticStorage:--Recordingmediumismagnetizedbyrecordinghead.•Transmittance:--Aluminumoxidemaybetransparent(透明),translucent(半透明),oropaque(不透明)dependingonthematerialstructure.AdaptedfromFig.1.2,Callister6e.(Specimenpreparation,P.A.Lessing;photobyJ.Telford.)singlecrystalpolycrystal:lowporositypolycrystal:highporosityOPTICAL-Light2.1WhatMPswehaveobtained/achievedisthemostimportantdeterminantofhumancivilization.Basically,allproductsaremadeofmaterials!Stone—Porcelain—Metals(Bronze,Iron,Steel)—Polymer—Composite—Multifunctionalmaterials2.Whystudymaterialsproperties(MP)?YouknowwhatisMaterials?2.2Materials’applicationsdependsontheirproperties2.3Materials’processingisdependantontheirpropertiesinreturn.2.4PursuingMPsisthebasicobjectiveofmaterialsdesignanddevelopment,andthereforedeterminesitsfrontier.2.5Moreimportantly,MPsliesattheheartofmaterialsscienceandengineering.3.Tetrahedronofmaterialsscienceandengineering©2003Brooks/ColePublishing/ThomsonLearning™材料性能Properties材料服役行为Performance材料加工SynthesisandProcessing材料组织结构MicrostructurePropertiesStructureProcessing“MaterialsScience”“MaterialsEngineering”CHAPTER0:INTRODUCTION•MPs(材料性能学)：Abranchofscience&engineeringthatdealswiththeexternalresponseofmaterialstostimulation,andinter-playbetweenproperties,structureandprocessingofmaterials。PropertiesStructureProcessing“MaterialsScience”“MaterialsEngineering”Systematicstudy,nottrial&error•MaterialsScience（材料学）:investigatesrelationshipbetweenmaterials’structure&properties•MaterialsEngineering（材料工程学）:Onthebasisofmaterialsscience,designingand/orengineeringthematerials’structuretoproducedesiredpropertiesNeverforget•Materials’propertiesdependsdeterminatelyonitsstructure!!ThearrangementofinternalcomponentsofmatterAllaboutscale!Subatomic-atomic-molecular-nano-micro-macroCHAPTER0:INTRODUCTION0.2nm1nm=4x10-8in0.2-10nmHRTEM,STEMAFM1-1000mmOpticalMicroscopeSEM,TEM,XRD1mmNakedEye•Electroniclevel(subatomic)•Atomic(molecularlevel,chemicalcomposition)•Crystal(arrangementofatomsorionswithoneanother)•Microstructure(canstudywithmicroscopes)•Macrostructure(canseewithnakedeye)MetalsCeramics&GlassesPolymersInsulatorsofe-andheatVeryflexible,deformable,lowstrengthSometransparentGoodcorrosionresistanceLowresistancetoheatLowdensityAllplastics,Nylon,RubberInsulatorsofe-andheatHard,brittle,notdeformableSometransparentGoodcorrosionresistanceHeatresistantSiC,Si3N4,Al2O3,BaTiO3,YBCOSuperconductorsGoodconductorsofe-andheatStrong,deformableNottransparentSusceptibletochemicaldegradationinsomeatmospheresHighdensityFe,Steel,Cu,Al,Brass4.ClassificationofMaterials+Compositematerialsa.ChemicalclassificationofMaterialsb.FunctionalClassificationofMaterials结构材料StructuralMaterials航天材料Aerospace生物医学材料BiomedicalMaterials(biomaterials)电子材料ElectronicMaterials能源与环境材料EnergyTechnologyandEnvironmentalTechnology磁性材料MagneticMaterials光学材料PhotonicorOpticalMaterials智能材料SmartMaterialsetc.©2003Brooks/ColePublishing/ThomsonLearning™Noticethatmetals,plastics,andceramicsoccurindifferentcategories.AlimitednumberofexamplesineachcategoryisprovidedTable1.1Representativeexamples,applications,andpropertiesforeachcategoryofmaterialsMaterialsExampleofApplicationsPropertiesMetalsandAlloysGraycastironAutomobileengineblocksCastable,machinable,vibrationdampingCeramicsandGlassesSiO2-Na2O-CaOWindowglassOpticallytransparent,thermallyinsulatingPolymersPolyethyleneFoodpackagingEasilyformedintothin,flexible,airtightfilmSemiconductorsSiliconTransistorsandintegratedUniqueelectricalcircuitsbehaviorCompositesCarbidecuttingtoolsforHighhardness,yetTungstencarbidemachininggoodshockresistance-cobalt(WC-Co)C.ClassificationofMaterials-BasedonStructureamorphousmaterial（非晶材料）:disorderarrangementofatomsorions.Crystallinematerial（晶体材料）：amaterialcomprisedofoneormanycrystals.Ineachcrystal,atomsorionsshowalong-rangeperiodicarrangement(长程有序).Singlecrystal（单晶材料）isacrystallinematerialthatismadeofonlyonecrystal(therearenograinboundaries).Grainsareth