英美报刊PPTLecture 12

UnitSixTheWorldLessonNineteenThehopefulcontinent:AfricarisingPara1-3•TheOnitshamarket–Onitshaisacity,acommercial,educational,andreligiouscentreandriverportontheeasternbankoftheNigerriver(尼日尔河)inAnambraState,southeasternNigeria.–OnitshaMarketisoneofthelargestmarketsinWestAfrica.Para1-3•Howistoday’seconomicdevelopmentinAfricacomparedwithEastAsiaandthewholeworld?(Para2)–Overthepastdecade,sixoftheworld’stenfastest-growingcountrieswereAfrican–AfricahasgrownfasterthanEastAsia,includingJapan–IMFexpectsAfricatogrowby6%in2011andnearly6%in2012Para1-3vocabulary•Bejammedwith•Highstreet•Allowfor•Knock-oneffect•Commoditiesboom•FertilityratesPara4-11•WhenoptimismisshownaboutAfrica,whatotherobstaclesisAfricafacingnow?(Para4,5)–MostAfricansliveonlessthantwodollarsaday;foodproductionperpersonhasslumped;theaveragelifespaninsomecountriesisunder50;droughtandfaminepersist;deforestationanddesertificationstillonthemarch–kleptocracies,noxiouspolitics,shoddyelection,corruption,etc.Para4-11•TheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)istheRepublicofSouthAfrica‘sgoverningsocialdemocraticpoliticalparty,supportedbyitsTripartiteAlliance(三方联盟)withtheCongressofSouthAfricanTradeUnions(COSATU)(南非工会大会)andtheSouthAfricanCommunistParty(SACP)(南非共产党),sincetheestablishmentofmulti-racialdemocracyinApril1994.Para4-11•WhatarefavorabletoAfrica’seconomicgrowth?(Para6-11)–afast-growingmiddleclassandforeigninvestment–Non-westerncountriesarehelpingimproveitsinfrastructureandmanufacture–Itsenthusiasmfortechnology–Peaceanddecentgovernment–DemographicdividendPara4-11vocabulary•Apinchof•Onthemarch•Talkof•Getaboost•Demographicdividend•BallotboxPara12-14•WhatmeasuresshouldAfricatakeinordertoachievefurtherdevelopment?(Para12)Para12-14•TheAfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,orAGOA(非洲增长与机遇法案）isalegislationthathasbeenapprovedbytheU.S.CongressinMay2000.Thepurposeofthislegislationistoassisttheeconomiesofsub-SaharanAfricaandtoimproveeconomicrelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheregion.Para12-14•TheExtractiveIndustriesTransparencyInitiative(EITI)（采掘业透明度行动计划）isaninternationalorganizationwhichmaintainsastandard,assessingthelevelsoftransparencyaroundcountries’oil,gasandmineralresources.Para12-14•Communalownership–anownershipofaterritorialcommuneanditsbodiesofself-administration.Communalownershipissimilartomunicipalorpublicownership.[1]Communalownershipisnotpartofstateorprivateproperty.•Politiciansneedtokeeptheirnosesoutofthetrough–politiciansshouldnotinterferewithgovernmentpoliciesandpracticesPara12-14vocabulary•Communalownership•Keep/haveone’snosesoutofthetrough•Dishout•Totalopenness•strike