第七讲+非谓语动词与写作(共22张PPT)

众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词(或者介词短语等)对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句1．这儿的人都喜欢汤姆写的那本小说。Allthepeopleherelikethenovel.ItiswrittenbyTom.→AllthepeopleherelikethenovelwrittenbyTom.(过去分词作定语)2．这是一家工厂。月产成千上万辆小汽车。Thisisafactory.Itproducesthousandsofcarsamonth.→Thisisafactory,producingthousandsofcarsamonth.(现在分词作状语)3．消防队员及时赶到。他们对我们帮助很大。Thefirefighterscamehereintime.Theyhelpedusalot.→Thefirefighters'cominghereintimehelpedusalot.(动名词作主语)4．我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。WeshouldspeakmoreEnglish.Wethinkitisveryimportant.→WethinkitveryimportanttospeakmoreEnglish.(不定式作真正宾语)5．我们应该如何提高我们的英语口语水平？这是个问题。HowshouldweimproveourspokenEnglish?Itisaquestion.→HowtoimproveourspokenEnglishisaquestion.(不定式短语作主语)→ThequestionishowtoimproveourspokenEnglish.(不定式短语作表语)二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句1．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。Therewasalargefactory,whichproducedfertilizer.Everydayitgaveoutalotofpoisonousgas,whichpollutedtheenvironment.→Therewasalargefactory,whichproducedfertilizer.Everydayitgaveoutalotofpoisonousgas,pollutingtheenvironment.(现在分词作状语)简析：“原句”中分别由which引导两个定语从句，重复且单调，将第二个定语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，不仅表达多样，而且言简意明。2．当我们赶到校门口时，已经8点了。我们见到老师时，不得不为迟到而向她道歉。Whenwegottotheschoolgateitwaseight.Whenwesawourteacher,wehadtosaysorryforourbeinglate.→Whenwegottotheschoolgateitwaseight.Seeingourteacher,wehadtosaysorryforourbeinglate.(现在分词作状语)简析：“原句”中有两个由连词when引导的状语从句，将第二个状语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，就避免了“原句”中重复使用同类从句的问题。3．我们认为中学生学习一门外语是必要的。同时我们也认为，中学生掌握一门外语是可能的。Wethinkitisnecessarythatmiddleschoolstudentsshouldlearnaforeignlanguageandwealsothinkthatitispossiblethattheycanmasterone.→Wethinkitisnecessarythatmiddleschoolstudentsshouldlearnaforeignlanguageandwealsothinkitpossibleforthemtomasterone.(不定式作真正宾语)简析：“原句”中先后出现两个从句，冗长、累赘、难读。而采用动词不定式替换第二句中的从句后，言简意明。4．由于老师的帮助，我英语进步了。因为我英语进步了，我相信我能考上更好的大学。Becausemyteacherhelpsme,myEnglishhasgreatlyimproved.BecausemyEnglishhasgreatlyimproved,I'msureIwillgotoabetteruniversity.→Withmyteacherhelpingme,myEnglishhasgreatlyimproved.BecausemyEnglishhasgreatlyimproved,I'msureIwillgotoabetteruniversity.(with复合结构作状语)简析：“原句”两处重复出现由because引导的从句，读起来很别扭。换用“with＋现在分词的复合结构”后，读起来给人的感觉大不一样。5．为了赶上同班同学，李东不遗余力地学习。为了好好学习，他从不玩电脑游戏。LiDongsparesnoefforttostudysothathecancatchupwithhisclassmates.Heneverplayscomputergamessothathecanlearnbetter.→LiDongsparesnoefforttostudysothathecancatchupwithhisclassmates.Heneverplayscomputergamessoastolearnbetter.(不定式作状语)简析：“原句”两处重复使用sothat引导的目的状语从句，换用不定式作状语后，殊途同归，但效果好多了。另外，此处的soastolearnbetter也可以用介词短语withthepurposeoflearningbetter作目的状语。三、运用非谓语动词转换短文(根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达)北京市有大量的出租车司机，他们每天全心全意地为乘客服务，对北京市的交通发挥着重要作用。他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把手机忘在了车上，但当我和司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把手机送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。一般表达：TherearealargenumberoftaxidriversinBeijing.Theyservepassengersheartandsoul.TheyplayanimportantpartinthetrafficofBeijing.Theymakesomemoney.Theyworkfromdawntillnight.Oneday,IleftmycellphoneinthetaxiItook.Igotintouchwiththedriver.Hedrovetomyhomeandgaveitbacktome.Iwasveryexcited.高级表达：TherearealargenumberoftaxidriversinBeijing,servingpassengersheartandsoulandplayinganimportantpartinthetrafficofBeijing.Inordertomakesomemoneytosupporttheirfamilies,theyworkfromdawntillnight.Oneday,IgotoutofthetaxiinahurrywithmycellphoneleftinthetaxiItook.Onhearingwhathadhappened,thetaxidriverdrovetomyhomeasfastaspossibleandgavethecellphonebacktome.Seeingmycellphoneagain,Iwastooexcitedtosayaword.Ⅰ.运用非谓语动词转换简单句1．Weweretouchedbytheteacher'swords.Wedecidedtoworkhard.______________________________________________________________________________________________2．Ididn'treceiveherletter.Ihadtowriteagain.______________________________________________________________________________________________3．Theboycametoschoollateagain.Thismadetheteacherveryangry.________________________________________________________________________________________________4．Theboysweremakingthemostoftime.Theywantedtofinishtheworkearlier.__________________________________________________________________________________________________5．Isawanoldgranny.Shelayontheground.Iwentovertohelpher.__________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.Touchedbytheteacher'swords,wedecidedtoworkhard.2．Nothavingreceivedherletter,Ihadtowriteagain.3．Theboy'scomingtoschoollateagainmadetheteacherveryangry.4．Theboysweremakingthemostoftimesoastofinishtheworkearlier.5．Seeinganoldgrannylyingontheground,Iwentovertohelpher.Ⅱ.运用非谓语动词转换复合句1．Whenwearrivedatthecompany,wewereshownaroundtheworkshopsfirst.Whenweweretalkingtotheemployees,wefounditwasnecessarythatweshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.→__________________，wewereshownaroundtheworkshopsfirst.Whenweweretalkingtotheemployees,wefound__________________________________________.答案：Arrivingatthecompany;itnecessaryforustolearnaforeignlanguage2．Itookpartinthemeeting,whichwasheldinBeijinglastFriday.Itwasveryinstructive,whichwashostedbyamanagerwhocametoourcompanyyesterday.→Itookpartinthemeeting________________lastFriday.Itwasveryinstructive,whichwashostedbyamanager____________________________y