中低温煤焦油沥青质的分离与表征

本科毕业论文（设计）题目：中低温煤焦油沥青质的分离与表征学生姓名徐坚学号2009115108指导教师李稳宏院系化工学院专业制药工程年级2009级教务处制成绩-1-诚信声明本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的毕业论文（设计），是在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。毕业论文（设计）中凡引用他人已经发表或未发表的成果、数据、观点等，均已明确注明出处。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或在网上发表的论文。特此声明。论文作者签名：日期：年月日-2-摘要进入二十一世纪以来，全球石油资源日益枯竭，而我国正处于经济高速发展的关键阶段，能源的消耗和利用也水涨船高，仅靠从国外进口石油资源日渐不能满足工业的需求，寻求新的燃料资源迫在眉睫。利用煤热解副产的煤焦油，通过加氢制备汽、柴油就是缓解石油资源紧缺的重要途径之一。将重质油转化为轻质燃料过程中，沥青质不仅因其分子量高、芳香度高、杂原子含量高而难以加工，分子结构复杂，特别是含有高度缩合的大芳香核结构，容易形成积碳沉积在催化剂上，是导致催化剂失活的主要原因，更为重要的是沥青质容易在设备内生成沉积物，造成管道堵塞和降低换热器的传热效果，缩短装置运转周期，还会影响产品的安定性。因此，深入理解和掌握煤焦油中沥青质重组分的组成、结构、性质等研究是充分开发和利用重质煤焦油资源的理论基础，为提高沥青质的轻质化转化率，并避免沥青质的缩合生焦反应等问题提供理论基础。研究结果为中低温煤焦油原料预处理提供了一条新的途径，对合理利用中低温煤焦油资源、推动煤焦油行业的快速发展，促进地方经济可持续发展具有重要的现实意义和长远的战略意义。本文针对此现状，首先对中低温煤焦油的性质进行研究，其次对煤焦油族组分进行分离，采用芳烃溶解烷烃沉淀的方法分离出沥青质，并利用元素分析、凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）、1H-NMR、IR光谱及紫外光谱全波长分析等手段对其进行表征。关键词：中低温煤焦油，沥青质，性质分析，甲苯不溶物-3-AbstractOurcountryisinacrucialperiodofrapideconomicgrowth，energyconsumptionincreasingfaster，globaloilresourceshadbeendryingup,sinceenteringthe21stcentury.Findingnewfuelresourcesisextremelyimminentbecauseoftheneedsincreasinglyofindustrynotmetbyimportedfromabroadoilresources.Then,gasoilanddieseloilutilizingcoaltarhydrogenatedtheproductofcoalpyrolysisisoneoftheimportantwaystoeasetheshortageofoilresources.Intheprocessofconvertingheavyoiltolightfuel,manyproblemshaveattended.Firstly,it’sdifficulttobetreatedbecauseofitshighmolecularweightasphaltene,aromaticandhighheteroatomcontent.What’smore,asphaltenesarethemaincausecatalystdeactivationduetoeasyformationofcokedepositedonthecatalyst.Moreimportantly,asphaltenesedimentseasilygeneratedwithinthedevice,causingtheheatexchangerpipeblockageandlowertheheattransfereffect,shortensoperatingcycle,butalsoaffectthestabilityofproducts.Therefore,in-depthunderstandingandmasteryofasphalteneheavycoaltarcomposition,structure,propertiesandotherresearchistofullydevelopandutilizetheresourcesofheavycoaltartheoreticalbasisforimprovingthelightofasphalteneconversionrateandavoidasphaltenethecondensationreactionofcokeandotherissuesprovideatheoreticalbasis.Tosolvethisproblem,thethemeoftheresearchistoanalysisthepurificationofthemediumtemperaturecoaltarandtheproductionandphysicalandchemicalpropertiesandmolecularstructureofcoal-tarpitch.What'smore,somesegregationanalysismethodswerechosentodividetheasphaltenecomponentroughlyordetailedly,andthencoal-tarpitchwasanalyzedbyelementalanalysis,GPC,1H-NMR,IRspectrumandultravioletspectrumwavelengthanalysis.Keywords:mediumtemperaturecoaltar,asphaltene,propertiesanalysis,tolueneinsoluble-4-目录第一章绪论...............................................................................................................................11.1我国能源现状与主要问题.................................................................................................11.2煤焦油概述.........................................................................................................................11.2.1煤焦油的性质........................................................................................................21.2.2煤焦油的分类和特点.............................................................................................21.3煤焦油沥青制备方法的选择.............................................................................................21.3.1煤焦油沥青的分组组成.........................................................................................21.3.2国内外煤焦油沥青制备方法.................................................................................31.4实验方案.............................................................................................................................41.4.1中低温煤焦油性质.................................................................................................41.4.2煤焦油沥青的性质分析.........................................................................................5第二章中低温煤焦油性质.............................................................................................................72.1实验试剂及仪器.................................................................................................................72.1.1实验主要试剂........................................................................................................72.1.2实验所用主要仪器.................................................................................................72.2实验方法.............................................................................................................................82.2.1煤焦油粘度的测定.................................................................................................82.2.2煤焦油残炭的测定.................................................................................................92.2.3煤焦油灰分的测定.................................................................................................92.2.4甲苯不溶物含量测定.............................................................................................92.2.5氧化铝柱层析法...................................................................................................102.3结果与讨论............................................................................