canada_加拿大国家概况

CANADAGeography•CanadaisacountryinNorthAmerica,extendingfromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestandnorthwardintotheArcticOcean.Itistheworld'ssecondlargestcountrybytotalarea.Canada'scommonborderwiththeUnitedStatestothesouthandnorthwestisthelongestintheworld.History•In1867,withtheunionofthreeBritishNorthAmericancoloniesthroughConfederation,Canadawasformedasafederaldominionoffourprovinces.ThisbegananaccretionofprovincesandterritoriesandaprocessofincreasingautonomyfromtheUnitedKingdom.ThiswideningautonomywashighlightedbytheStatuteofWestminsterof1931andculminatedintheCanadaActof1982,whichseveredthevestigesoflegaldependenceontheBritishparliament.Climate•AveragewinterandsummerhightemperaturesacrossCanadavaryaccordingtothelocation.Winterscanbeharshinmanyregionsofthecountry,particularlyintheinteriorandPrairieprovinces,whichexperienceacontinentalclimate.•Innoncoastalregions,snowcancoverthegroundalmostsixmonthsoftheyear(moreinthenorth).•CoastalBritishColumbiaenjoysatemperateclimate,withamildandrainywinter.People•AboriginalpeoplesinCanadaincludetheFirstNationsInuit,andMétis.TheMétisacultureofmixedbloodoriginatedinthemid-17thcenturywhenFirstNationandInuitmarriedEuropeansettlers.TheInuithadmorelimitedinteractionwithEuropeansettlersduringtheearlyperiods.•TheInuithadmorelimitedinteractionwithEuropeansettlersduringtheearlyperiods•ThelandthatisnowCanadawasinhabitedformillenniabyvariousgroupsofAboriginalpeoples.Beginninginthelate15thcentury,BritishandFrenchexpeditionsexplored,andlatersettled,alongtheAtlanticcoast.FrancecedednearlyallofitscoloniesinNorthAmericain1763aftertheSevenYears'War.Economy•Canadaisoneoftheworld'swealthiestnations,withahighper-capitaincome,anditisamemberoftheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)andtheG8.Itisoneoftheworld'stoptentradingnations.Canadaisamixedmarket,rankingabovetheU.S.ontheHeritageFoundation'sindexofeconomicfreedomandhigherthanmostwesternEuropeannations.ThelargestforeignimportersofCanadiangoodsaretheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,andJapan.•Inthepastcentury,thegrowthofthemanufacturing,mining,andservicesectorshastransformedthenationfromalargelyruraleconomytoamoreindustrialandurbanone.LikeotherFirstWorldnations,theCanadianeconomyisdominatedbytheserviceindustry,whichemploysaboutthreequartersofCanadians.Canadaisunusualamongdevelopedcountriesintheimportanceofitsprimarysector,inwhichtheloggingandpetroleumindustriesaretwoofthemostimportant.•EconomicintegrationwiththeUnitedStateshasincreasedsignificantlysinceWorldWarII.NAFTAInitialingCeremony,October1992•Canada'sofficialnationalsportsarehockeyinthewinterandlacrosseinthesummer.Hockeyisanationalpastimeandthemostpopularspectatorsportinthecountry.SportsOttawa•OttawaisthecapitalofCanada..•thecityliesonthesouthernbanksoftheOttawaRiver,amajorwaterwayformingthelocalboundarybetweentheprovincesofOntarioandQuebec.Toronto•TorontoisthelargestcityinCanadaandtheprovincialcapitalofOntario.ItislocatedinSouthernOntarioonthenorthwesternshoreofLakeOntario.Withover2.5millionresidents,itisthefifthmostpopulousmunicipalityinNorthAmerica.•AsCanada'seconomiccapital,TorontoisconsideredanalphaworldcitybytheGlobalizationandWorldCities(GaWC)studygroupandisoneofthetopfinancialcentresintheworld.•Toronto'sleadingeconomicsectorsincludefinance,businessservices,telecommunications,aerospace,transportation,media,arts,film,televisionproduction,publishing,softwareproduction,medicalresearch,education,tourismandsportsindustries.Question:What’sthepositionofCanada’stotalarea?