工程造价毕业论文：施工图预算

工作学期顶岗实习专项方案——广宗县景颐园小区2号楼施工图预算学生姓名：专业：工程造价学号：系别：建筑工程系论文提交时间：2015年5月26日指导教师：评阅人：2015年5月26日目录摘要············································································································2第1章绪论··································································································31.1课题背景······························································································41.2施工图预算的有关概念及编制方法······················································41.2.1施工图预算的相关概念····································································41.2.2施工图预算的编制方法····································································61.3更好编制预算的方法及重审预算·····························································61.3.1正确的看图纸顺序···········································································61.3.2计算工程量的顺序···········································································71.4工程量的计算·························································································71.4.1土方工程........................................................................................................71.4.2砌筑工程........................................................................................................71.4.3凝土工程........................................................................................................71.4.4钢筋工程........................................................................................................81.5工程造价的确定·····················································································81.5.1直接费的计算.............................................................................................81.5.2间接费的计算...........................................................................................10第2章土建工程预算书···················································································112.1编制说明······························································································112.2直接费计算表·······················································································122.3人工费计算表·······················································································172.4材料费计算表·······················································································182.5机械费计算表·······················································································252.6工料机汇总表·······················································································272.7工程量计算表·······················································································312.8钢筋分部汇总·······················································································392.9最后钢筋汇总·······················································································41结论··········································································································42参考文献······································································································43致谢··········································································································44摘要施工图预算作为建筑工程造价的重要依据，是招标、投标、签订施工合同、工程施工管理和工程竣工决算的重要文件，根据具体工程采取科学合理的方法编制施工图预算，对确保工程造价的准确度具有十分重要的意义。本设计是依据一套二层框架结构的施工图纸，按照施工图预算书编制的程序，遵循工程量计算规则，以全国统一工程基础定额为编制依据，而编制出来的一套工程预算书。在编制过程中，笔者详尽计算了钢筋工程量，各分部分项工程都严格遵循定额中工程量计算规则，并查阅了大量相关书籍。最后对设计结果进行了汇总和分析，根据整个设计过程中的心得，形成了设计说明书。工程预算书的编制是这次设计的重点，由于经验的不足，在工程量细节处理上，还存在着很多缺陷。第一章绪论作为建设单位希望以最少的资金，造出质优的工程，因此必须对工程项目投资实施全过程有效的成本控制，从组织、技术、合同等方面，挖掘潜力，降低成本，提高投资效益和社会效益。在工程项目管理中，如何有效地进行工程造价的管理，并在确保工程质量的前提下，降低工程造价，是各级工程造价部门、投资者比较关注的一个问题。施工图预算是改善企业管理，提高企业经济效益，控制工程造价的重要基础工作。在建设程序的各个阶段，采用一定方法和措施把工程项目造价的产生控制在合理的范围内和核定的造价限额以内。由于设计方案、工料机价格等变化，往往容易导致投资“失控”，具体表现为：初步设计概算大于可行性研究投资估算；施工图预算大于初步设计概算。所以在承发包阶段，初步设计概算可能失去投资控制的作用。然而，施工图设计阶段编制的施工图预算，一般来说可以反映工程的“实际”成本，因此在工程建设过程中，施工图预算可以作为承发包阶段的投资控制依据。施工图预算是建筑工程中确定工程造价的重要经济文件，是建设单位编制标底的依据，也是施工单位投标报价的依据，在企业考核设计水平，控制建设项目投资和和规模的工作中起着十分重要的作用。作为建设单位希望以最少的资金，造出质优的工程，因此必须对工程项目投资实施全过程有效的成本控制，从组织、技术、合同等方面，挖掘潜力，降低成本，提高投资效益和社会效益。在工程项目管理中，如何有效地进行工程造价的管理，并在确保工程质量的前提下，降低工程造价，是各级工程造价部门、投资者比较关注的一个问题。做好施工图预算，首先要准确计算工程量，尤其是对工程造价影响较大的混凝土、钢筋和模板数量。当然，预算工作是一份细致的工作，在做预算的过程要注意很多的细节，如挑檐、楼梯栏杆中的预埋件、马凳筋等的计算。其次，在工程量计算准确的前提下，，套定额也一定要正确并做好相应价格的调整。再次，是进行取费，计算工程造价。前面工作的好坏将直接影响后续工作的进行，因此。每一步都要准确无误。1.1课题背景改革开放以来,我国的工程建设标准定额和工程造价管理工作以逐步适应社会主义市场经济为目标,按照调放结合、配套改革、小步快走、逐步到位的指导思想,进行了一系列的改革,并取得了较好的成果。建设工程造价确定方法形成的历史及其现状是从20世纪50年代起的，我国借鉴前苏联经验，逐步建立起适应当时计划经济需要的概预算定额制度，人工、材料、机械等价格均由国家统一规定，传统的概预算定额作为建设工程造价定价依据，对我国加强计划管理，减少投资浪费，多、快、好、省地建设国家起到了积极的作用。进入90年代，我国逐步由计划经济向市场经济过渡，经济发展水平不断提高，经济结构也日益复杂，原有的计价方式已不能满足市场经济发展的需要，为此，我国对建设工程造价定价办法进行了一系列的改革。1.2施工图预算的有关概念及编制方法1.2.1施工图预算的相关概念施工图预算是施工图设计阶段对工程建设所需资金作出较精确计算的设计文件，然后根据施工图设计和预算定额编制工程造价的详细预算。施工图预算是指在施工图设计阶段，当施工图设计完成后，根据施工图纸、建筑工程预算定额（或者综合预算定额）、间接费走额、建筑材料预算价格和工程造价管理的相关规定等资料，确定的单位工程、单项工程及建设项目安装工程造价的技术和经济文件。在中国，施工图预算是建筑企业和建设代为签订承包和通和办理工程结算的一局；也是建筑企业编制计划、实行经济核算和考核经营成果的依据。在实行招标承包制的情况下，是建设单位确定表弟和建筑企业投标报价的依据。施工图预算是关系建设单位和建筑企业经济利益的技术经济条件，如在执行过程中发生经济纠纷，应经仲裁机关仲裁，或按法律程序解决。1.2.2施工图预算的编制方法1.单价法用单价法编制施工图预算，就是根据地区统一单位估价表中的各分项工程综合单价，乘以相应的各分项工程量，并相加，得到单位工程的人工费。材料