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第九章氧化还原滴定(RedoxTitration)第一节概述方法基础:氧化还原反应与酸碱中和滴定比较1.电子转移反应2.副反应多,产物复杂3.反应速率慢第二节氧化还原平衡和反应速率一、条件电位大氧化态氧化能力强小还原态还原能力强/oxred1、电极电位323232323232//32//34()0.059lg()()()1.0/0.770.5/FeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeeFeCFeCFeCFeCFemolLVHmolLHPO323232323232//32//34()0.059lg()()()1.0/0.770.5/FeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeeFeCFeCFeCFeCFemolLVHmolLHPO323232323232//32//34()0.059lg()()()1.0/0.770.5/FeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeeFeCFeCFeCFeCFemolLVHmolLHPO323232323232//32//34()0.059lg()()()1.0/0.770.5/FeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeeFeCFeCFeCFeCFemolLVHmolLHPO配制时340.5/=0.71V10/=0.53V2.0/=0.46VmolLHClmolLHClmolLHPO与H+无关0.059lgoxredanaAa为活度0.059[]lg[]oxnredB[]平衡浓度0.059()lg()CoxnCredCC分析浓度a、[]、C三者关系:1)a≠[]a=γ·[]γ为活度系数溶液极稀,用B式。不同介质、浓度、溶液中I不同,γ也不同。2)C≠[][]真实浓度不知道,用C代替分析浓度C=溶质各型体的平衡浓度之和_0.1mol/L=[HAc]+[Ac]=0.1mol/LHAcHAcC例:溶液323+3+2+2-4Fe2++2Fe3+2+1mol/LFeC=[Fe]+[Fe(OH)]+[FeCl]+[FeCl]+C=[Fe]+[Fe(OH)]+[FeCl]+[FeCl]+[Fe]1[Fe]1配制的HCl溶液333332222()33()2()=1[].[].[]FeFeIIIFeFeFeFeFeIIIFeFeFeFeFeIICFeCarFerCarFer副反应系数3323223322323()2//()3()2/()3'2/..()0.059lg..().()0.059lg0.059lg.()()0.059lg(FeIIFeFeFeFeFeFeIIIFeFeIIFeFeFeFeIIIFeFeFeCFeCFeCFeCFeCFeCFe)3323223322323()2//()3()2/()3'2/..()0.059lg..().()0.059lg0.059lg.()()0.059lg(FeIIFeFeFeFeFeFeIIIFeFeIIFeFeFeFeIIIFeFeFeCFeCFeCFeCFeCFeCFe)3323223322323()2//()3()2/()3'2/..()0.059lg..().()0.059lg0.059lg.()()0.059lg(FeIIFeFeFeFeFeFeIIIFeFeIIFeFeFeFeIIIFeFeFeCFeCFeCFeCFeCFeCFe)条件电位Nernst方程式:'236P13812.条件电位表五P注明介质种类、浓度意义)外界因素:离子强度、副反应、PH值影响2273232721422'272314627.0.059lg6()0.059lg6()CrOHCrCrOHeCrHOaaaCCrOCCr2273232721422'272314627.0.059lg6()0.059lg6()CrOHCrCrOHeCrHOaaaCCrOCCr'236P13812.条件电位表五P注明介质种类、浓度意义)外界因素:离子强度、副反应、pH值影响42422428'854.0.059lg50.059lg5MnOHMnMnOMnMnOHeMnHOaaaCC'80.059lg[]5H不考虑、,则343332/0.059'lg[]2=0.559-0.059pH=0.500VHAsOHAsOH+3432HAsO+2H+2eHAsO+HO'0.1/molLHCl计算:溶液中As(V)/As(III)的,忽略离子强度、副反应影响。'2''')大小只与温度有关大小不仅与温度还与介质种类、浓度有关3)的使用尽量用,没有数据,则用相似条件二、氧化还原反应的条件平衡常数0'''()25:lg0.059()lgk0.059mnCkmn特定条件下:1212mox+nredmred+nox1、条件平衡常数0'''()25:lg0.059()lgk0.059MnCkmn特定条件下:2'、反应完全的k必须具备的条件2(99.9)lgk'6.4+2+3+3+'62Ce+FeCe+Fem=1n=1CC000.1%0.1%99.9%99.9%%k==10(01%)''''''lgk'3()1n=1lgk'60.352n=1lgk'90.273n=1lgk'120.24mnmVmVmV''0.40V一般认为即可定量例:1mol/LH2SO4中用Ce(SO4)2标液滴定Fe2+,此反应是否符合滴定要求?:m=1n=1lgk'6解4332''//:1.440.68CeCeFeFeVV查表得11(1.440.68)lg'12.960.059k4332''//0.40CeCeFeFeV可滴定三、影响氧化还原反应速率的因素1.浓度浓度增加反应速率增加2.温度温度升高反应速率增加,视具体情况而定3.催化剂4.诱导反应224242225162108MnOCOHMnCOHO第三节氧化还原滴定曲线一、滴定曲线''12nmmnsp'11111'22222''121212()0.059redlg()()0.059redlg()()()()0.059lg()()spCoxoxnenCredCoxoxmemCredCoxCoxmnnmCredCred电位计算计量点前以过剩电对计算计量点后以过量电对计算计量点时424342+4+234''//1/Sn()2Ce2(0.141.28)SnSnCeCemolLHClCeSnCeSnVV例:中,滴定同浓度,滴定曲线突跃范围值。已知:4422/0.059lg0.232SnSnSnSnCVC计量点前:’4433/0.059lg1.10CeCeCeCeCVC计量点后:’''1211.2820.140.5212spnmVmn计量点时:0.23V~0.52V~1.10V在1mol/LHClO4里,用0.040mol/LKMnO4溶液20.00ml滴定0.100mol/LSn2+,当KMnO4滴到19.98ml时,溶液φ值为-0.54V滴到20.00ml时,溶液φ值为滴到20.02ml时,溶液φ值为此时lgk’=lgk’应才符合滴定反应精确度要求0.86V1.41V352.5≥3(m+n)=21二、影响突跃范围大小的因素''AB越大,突跃越大,越易准确滴定第四节氧化还原滴定中的指示剂一、自身指示剂二、特殊指示剂三、氧化还原指示剂KMnO4H+Mn2+I2I-[]lg[]1HInHInHInHInABInpHpKHInpK酸碱指示剂有机弱酸弱碱色色变色范围大''[]0.059lg[]0.059oxredoxredInneInABInnInn指指指氧化还原指示剂本身具氧化还原性的物质色色变色范围窄物质类型变色原理变色范围第五节高锰酸钾法一、原理缺点:1、不能做标准物质2、不够稳定3、选择性差2428541.151/MnOHeMnHOVmolL24酸度左右,用HSO调节二、标准溶液(一)配制:间接配制注意:1、煮沸,冷却后放置数天2、标定前过滤3、标准溶液贮存于棕色瓶中(二)标定2242422224224225162108NaHCO2HO75-8020.51mol/L3oMnOCOHMnCOHOCOC基准物:注意:1、温度、酸度、速度慢快慢取铬试样1.032g溶解后将其氧化为Cr2O72-,酸化后加入25.00ml0.1010mol/LFeSO4标准溶液,然后以标准KMnO4溶液(1ml相当于4.602mgH2O2)滴定,用去KMnO4溶液7.32ml,试计算试样中Cr2O3含量。22424223242422242234222322722223275252520.05411/5854516142671166156HOKMnOKMnOFeMnOFeCrOKMnOFeNMnOHOMnONCmolLMnOFeHMnFeHOnnCrOFeHCrFeHOmolCrOmolCrOFennNCV232323230.01380.0138100%1.4%1.032CrOCrOCrOCrOmMmgC22424223242422242234222322722223275252520.05411/5854516142671166156HOKMnOKMnOFeMnOFeCrOKMnOFenMnOHOMnOnCmolLMnOFeHMnFeHONNCrOFeHCrFeHOmolCrOmolCrOFeNNNCV232323230.01380.0138100%1.4%1.032CrOCrOCrOCrOmMmgC解:224242232424222422342222322722223275252520.05411/585451614267116615HOKMnOKMnOFeMnOFeCrOKMnOFeNMnOHOMnONCmolLMnOFeHMnFeHOnnCrOFeHCrFeHOmolCrOmolCrOFennNCV2323232360.01380.0138100%1.4%1.032CrOCrOCrOCrOmMmgC22424223242422242234222322722223275252520.05411/5854516142671166156HOKMnOKMnOFeMnOFeCrOKMnOFeNMnOHOMnONCmolLMnOFeHMnFeHONNCrOFeHCrFeHOmolCrOmolCrOFeNNnCV232323230.01380.0138%100%1.4%1.032CrOCrOCrOmMmgCrO分析一软锰
本文标题:氧化还原滴定RedoxTitration
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