介绍景德镇中英文 对照PPT

景德镇之旅Catalogue1，Location2，Thehistory3，Typesofporcelain4，Makingtechnology景德镇是一个地级市，以前是中国江西省的一个小镇，2010年常住人口1,587,477。因为生产了1700年的优质瓷器而被称为“瓷都”。这个城市有着超过2000年的悠久历史。景德镇是中国历史文化名城之一，2007年底被评为江西省优秀文明健康城市。Jingdezhenisaprefecture-levelcityinJiangxiProvinceofChina,withatotalpopulationof1,587,477(2010).ItisknownasthePorcelainCapitalbecauseithasbeenproducingqualitypotteryfor1700years.Thecityhasawell-documentedhistorythatstretchesbackover2000years.JingdezhenisoneofChineseHistoricalandCulturalCities,andwasnamedoutstandingcivilization&healthcityofJiangxiProvince.地理位置江西景德镇陶瓷，是中华民族文化艺术宝库中辉煌的明珠。他近二千年来的悠久而灿烂的历史进程，给后世留下了精湛绝伦的技艺，也造就了历代数不清的艺术匠师。在长期的发展过程中，景德镇的技艺人员，奋发努力，刻意求新，创作了许多好作品，使景德镇瓷器形成了自己独特的风格。JingdezhenporcelainisthebrightpearlinChineseartandculture.Withnearlytwothousandsofsplendidhistory,thereareexquisiteskillsandcountlesscraftsmen.Inthelongtimeofdevelopment,theartistsandcraftsmeninJingdezhenbroughttheirfulltalentintocreatingnumerousmasterpieces.Thankstotheirhardworking,Jingdezhenporcelainhadbeenformeditsownfourspecialfeatures.葫芦窑double-gourdkiln十八世纪以前，欧洲人不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的精美瓷器很受欢迎。在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是十分受人珍爱的贵重物品.欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器（china）和生产瓷器的“中国”（China）的代称，久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”。锦绣昌南中国瓷园早在东汉时期，古人在昌南（景德镇）建造窑坊，烧制陶瓷。到了唐朝，由于昌南土质好，先人们吸收南方青瓷和北方白瓷的优点创制出一种青白瓷。青白瓷晶莹滋润，有“人造玉器”的美称，大量出口欧洲。AsearlyasintheEasternHanDynasty,theancientsstartedtobuildkilnsinChangnantofireceramics.IntheTangDynasty,becauseofthesoilwithgoodqualityinChangnan,theancestorscreatedthebluishwhiteporcelainbycombiningtheadvantagesofsouthernceladonandthenorthernwhiteporcelain.Thebluishwhiteporcelainwasglitteringandhadthereputationofartificialjade.SoitwasexportedtoEuropeinlargeamount.青白瓷bluishwhiteporcelain元代，瓷业较宋代为衰落，然而这时期也有新的发展，如青花和釉里红的兴起，彩瓷大量的流行，白瓷成为瓷器的主流，带动以后明清两代的瓷器发展，得到很高的成就。DuringtheYuanDynasty,theporcelainindustrywasdeclinedcomparedwiththatoftheSongDynasty.However,therewerenewdevelopmentsinthisperiod,suchastheriseofblue-and-whiteporcelain,thepopularityofpaintedporcelainandthemainstreamofwhiteware.ItallledtohighdevelopmentofporcelainintheMingandQingDynasty,ushinghighachievements.我国的陶瓷艺术发展到了明代又进入一个新的旅程，明代以前的瓷器以青瓷为主，明代之后以白瓷为主。景德镇成为主要的窑厂，规模最大，一直延续明清两代五、六百年而不衰，描写当时盛况为“昼间白烟掩空，夜间红焰烧天”。IntheMingDynasty,China'sdevelopmentofceramicartreachedanewlevel.BeforetheMingDynasty,themainstreamwastheceladonandafterthattimewasthewhiteporcelain.Jingdezhenbecamethemainkiln,withthelargestscale.ItsmagnificentrefulgencehadlastedfromtheMingDynastytotheQingDynasty,forfiveorsixhundredyears.Anditspompwaspraisedporcelainmakingneverstopsnomatterdayornight''.清乾隆之后，景瓷生产从巅峰走向下坡路,产量、器质、品种、造型等呈萎缩状态。鸦片战争之后，景瓷生产受到严重摧残。延续500多年之久的御器厂寿终正寝。AfterthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty,theproductionofporcelaininJingdezhendeclinedfrompeaktodownhill.Theyield,quality,varietyandshapeofporcelainallshrunkrapidly.AftertheOpiumWartheproductionofporcelainhadbeenseverelydamaged.Theimperialporcelainfactoryclosedafterworkingmorethan500years.景德镇有悠久的制瓷传统，广大瓷工身怀绝技，在极其艰难困苦的情况下，坚持以手工技艺制瓷，坚持与外国机器制瓷相抗争，保持了中国瓷器在国际上的美誉。现代景德镇的制瓷工艺继承了传统的技法,吸收和借鉴了国内外的精华,使陶瓷制作达到了一个又一个的高度。Jingdezhenhasalong-standingtraditionofporcelainmakingandtheworkershadsuperiorskills.Facingthedifficultiesandhardships,theyinsistedonhandmadeandwagedwaragainstforeignporcelainmanufacturedbymachine.Withtheefforts,theymaintainedtheinternationalreputationofChineseporcelain.ThemodernporcelaincraftsinJingdezhenhaveinheritedthetraditionaltechniquesandabsorbedandappreciatedtheessenceathomeandabroad.Theceramicsmakingreachedtheheightoneafteranother.123炼泥Milling摞泥Filterpress制坯GreenMaking4567贴花Lithography上釉Glazing修坯Finishing烧釉Glostfiring景德镇四大名瓷青花瓷BlueAndWhitePorcelain青花瓷创烧于元代，是以色料在坯胎上描绘纹样，施釉后经高温烧成，釉色晶莹、雅致。青料溶于胎釉之间，发色青翠，虽色相单一，但感觉丰富。青花瓷经久耐用，瓷不碎，色不褪。BlueandwhiteporcelainwasfirstappearedintheYuanDynasty.Itwasformedbyusingpigmenttodepictpatternsonthegreenbodyandfiringathightemperatureafterglazing.Theglazingcolorisglitteringandelegant.Thegreenpigmentdissolveingreenbody,showingaverdantcolor.Althoughithassinglehue,itstillgivespeoplerichfeeling.Blueandwhiteporcelainisdurable。itwillnotfadeuntilbroken玲珑瓷Rice-patternporcelain玲珑瓷是在明宣德年间镂空工艺的基础上创造和发展起来的，已有五百多年的历史。这种瓷器既呈古朴、又显清新，集高超的烧造技艺和精湛的雕刻艺术于一身，充分体现了古代劳动人民的聪明才智和艺术创造力。Rice-patternporcelain,createdanddevelopedonthebasicofthehollow-carvedtechniquesinthereignofEmperorXuandeoftheMingDynasty,hasahistorymorethanfivehundredyears.Thiskindofporcelainnotonlyappearsquaint,butalsolooksfresh,combiningthesuperbfiringskillsandexquisitecarvingarts.Itfullyembodiestheingenuityandartisticcreativityoftheancientworkingpeople.粉彩瓷Famille-roseporcelain粉彩亦称软彩，是瓷器的釉上装饰，康熙晚期开始，到雍止、乾隆年代，益臻完善。有浮雕感，画面充满着浓郁的民族特色，有以中国历史故事和神话为主的人物，有秀丽多彩的山水，有栩栩如生的花鸟翎毛，有工整对称的几何图案等。Famille-roseisthedecorationontheglazeofporcelain.ItwasperfectedgraduallyfromlateofthereignofEmperorKangxioftheQingDynasty.Thesurfaceofporcelainisfullofrichnationalcharacteristics,withChinesehistoricalstoriesandmythology-basedfigures,beautifulandcolorfullandscapes,lifelikeflowersandbirdsfeathers,neatsymmetricalgeometricpatterns.颜色釉瓷Coloredglazeporcelain颜色釉是中国瓷器中引人注目的艺术珠瑰宝和名瓷之一。不仅具有特殊的审美特征，而且富有深厚的文化内涵和浓愈的文化色彩。在过去它有“千