1204定稿American_Political_System__美国政治

1/21/2020AmericanPoliticalSystemPartOne:TheArticlesofConfederationPartTwo:The3BranchesoftheU.SPartThree:TwoMajorPoliticalPartiesPartFour:Elections1/21/2020AftertheWarofIndependence(美国独立战争)won,thenewnationoftheUnitedStateswasorganizedundertheagreementoftheArticlesofConfederationwithaweaknationalgovernmentcalledtheCongress.Eachstatehaditsowngovernment,madeitsownlawsandhandleditsinternalaffairs.ThestatesdidnotcooperatewiththeCongressandwitheachother.TheCongresshadnopowertoforceanystatetocontributemoneytothenationalgovernmentandtheCongresscouldnottaxanycitizeneither.Asaresult,theArticlesofConfederationfailed.1/21/2020PartOne:TheArticlesofConfederationPartTwo:The3BranchesoftheU.SPartThree:TwoMajorPoliticalPartiesPartFour:Elections1/21/2020ConstitutionLegislativeBranchJudicialBranchExecutiveBranch1/21/2020TheUnitedStatesCapitol(国会大厦),whichhousestheUnitedStatesCongress.(美国国会)1/21/2020ConstitutionLegislativeBranchJudicialBranchExecutiveBranch1/21/2020theWhiteHousehomeandworkplaceoftheU.S.presidentThepresidentisthecommander-in-chiefofthemilitary,canveto(否决)legislativebillsbeforetheybecomelaw,andappoints(任命)theCabinetandotherofficers,whoadminister(执行)andenforcefederallawsandpolicies.Thepresidentservesafour-yeartermandmaybeelectedtotheofficenomorethantwice.Thepresidentisnotelectedbydirectvote,butbyanindirectelectoral(选举人)collegesysteminwhichthedeterminingvotesareapportioned(分配)bystate.ConstitutionLegislativeBranchJudicialBranchExecutiveBranchConsistFederalCourtsStateCourtsNormalCourtSpecialcourtStructureFederalCourtsStateCourtsTheTrialCourtsTheStateTrialCourtsTheAppellateCourtsTheStateAppellateCourtsTheStateSupremeCourtTheSupremeCourtTheCourtmeetsintheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtBuildinginWashington,D.C.TheSupremeCourtconsistsofNineJusticesOnechiefjusticeEightchiefjustices1.ThejusticesarenominatedbyPresident,andmustapprovedbySenate.2.ThejusticesholdofficeasSupremeCourtJusticesforlifeonceapprovedAllothercaseswhichreachtheCourtareappealsfromlowercourts.TheSupremeCourtchoosewhichofthisitwillhear,thoughmostofthecasesinvolvetheinterpretationoftheConstitution.thoseinvolvingforeigndiplomats.thoseinwhichastateisaparty.1/21/2020PartOne:TheArticlesofConfederationPartTwo:The3BranchesoftheU.SPartThree:TwoMajorPoliticalPartiesPartFour:Elections1/21/2020TheUnitedStateshasoperated(运作)underatwo-partysystemformostofitshistory.Sincethegeneralelectionof1856,themajorpartieshavebeentheDemocraticParty,(民主党)foundedin1824,andtheRepublicanParty,(共和党)foundedin1854.1/21/2020TheDemocraticPartyisoneoftwomajorcontemporarypoliticalpartiesintheUnitedStates,alongwiththeRepublicanParty.ItistheoldestpoliticalpartyincontinuousoperationintheUnitedStatesanditisoneoftheoldestpartiesintheworld.TheDemocraticPartytracesitsoriginstotheDemocratic-RepublicanParty,foundedbyThomasJefferson,andotherinfluentialopponentsoftheFederalistsin1792.However,themodernDemocraticpartytrulyaroseinthe1830s,withtheelectionofAndrewJackson.SincethedivisionoftheRepublicanPartyintheelectionof1912,ithasconsistentlypositioneditselftotheleftoftheRepublicanPartyineconomicissuessocialmatters.TheeconomicallyactivistphilosophyofFranklinD.Roosevelt,whichstronglyinfluencedAmericanliberalism,hasshapedmuchoftheparty'seconomicagendasince1932.1/21/2020TheRepublicanPartyisaotherpartyinUnitedStates,alongwiththeDemocraticParty.ItisoftenreferredtoastheGrandneofthetwomajorcontemporarypoliticalpartiesinOldPartyortheGOP.FoundedUndertheOaksatJackson,Michiganin1854byanti-slaveryexpansionactivistsandmodernizers,theRepublicanPartyfirstcametopowerin1860withtheelectionofAbrahamLincolntothepresidencyandpresidedovertheAmericanCivilWarandReconstruction.Today,thepartysupportsaconservativeandneoconservativeplatform.Thereisdebatewithinthepartyonpartialnationalizationofthefinancialindustry,butmostofthepartyleadershipsupportedit.PartOne:TheArticlesofConfederationPartTwo:The3BranchesoftheU.SPartThree:TwoMajorPoliticalPartiesPartFour:Elections1/21/20201/21/2020PreliminaryelectionPreliminaryelectionNationalPartyCongress(Democratic)NationalPartyCongress(Republican)CandidatesforPresidentandVice-President(Democratic)CandidatesforPresidentandVice-President(Republican)ElectionDelegation(Democratic/Republican)ThePresident1/21/2020Thepresidentappointstheheadsandseniorofficialsoftheexecutivebranchagencies;thelargemajorityoffederalworkers,however,areselectedthroughanonpoliticalcivilservicesystem.Themajordepartmentsofthegovernmentareheadedbyappointedsecretarieswhocollectivelymakeupthepresident’scabinet.EachappointmentmustbeconfirmedbyavoteoftheSenate.Todaythese11departmentsare:State,Treasury,Defense,Justice,Interior,Agriculture,Commerce,Labor,Health,EducationandHumanServices,HousingandUrbanDevelopment,Transportation.威拉德·米特·罗姆尼贝拉克·奥巴马1/21/2020GeorgeWashingtonthefirstAmericanPresidentaftertheRevolutionaryWarGeorgeW.Bush,AmericanPresidentBarackObama,tobethefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentinJanuary,2009AnativeintheUS35oroveronthedateoftheelectionHaveresidencefor13years1/21/2020Thanks!