lecture3 专业英语的写作

科技英语论文写作1）英语写作一般知识简介2）写作的基本理论和技巧•标题（Title或Topic）•作者的姓名（Author’sName）•论文作者的工作单位（Institution）•论文摘要（Abstract或Summary）•论文的内容目录（Contents）•论文内容本身（Text）引言（Introduction）正文结论或结束语（Conclusion(s)）及建议等附录（Appendix）致谢（Acknowledgement(s)）作者简介（Biography）科技英语论文的组成部分b.Somebody(1990)gaveatheoreticaloverviewof…,but…c.However,thesestudieswerelimitedto…近期进展情况分析：d.Themethodworkedwellat…e.Themodelsof…hasrecentlyreceivedconsiderableattention.f.Inthelastdecade,severalapproachesof…wereindependentlyproposed.g.Thestudyof…wasinvogueforseveralyearsuntil………对他人研究成果、观点的评估：a.Bythelate1980’s,researchershasstartedscientificworkon…Whatarethechancesofanuclearwarinthenearfuture?HowmanyAmericanswouldsurviveanuclearattack?Wouldsuchanattackmakelivingconditionsimpossibleforthesurvivors?Theseandsimilarquestionsarebeingaskedbycitizensgroupsthroughoutthiscountryastheydebatetheissueofarmscontrolandnucleardisarmament.Thesetwonewwindmilldesignswill,ofcourse,haveanevenmoreimportantimpactontheenergyindustryinthefuture.Althoughthesetwodesignsmayneverbeusedonalargescale,theirimpactmaybefeltthroughinfluencingthedesignofevenmoreefficientmodelsintheyearsahead.Gratefulacknowledgementismadeto…Aspecialgratitudeisexpressedto…Thanksmustbegivento…FundingforthisworkwasprovidedbytheMinistryofEnergyandResources.TheworkwassupportedbyNationalScienceFoundationofChina…I’dliketoacknowledge…ComputerImitationSystemfor…InvestigationoftheFeasibilitiesof…PrimaryStudyon…MathematicalModelof…StudyonTorsionalVibrationAnalysisofICECrankshaft.DevelopmentofAutomobileElectronicsandDomesticApplication.ASimulationOptimizationMethodforAutomotiveCoolingSystemMicroprocessorsinTransportCurrentStatusandDevelopingTrendsof…使用名词短语或非限定动词短语作为论文的标题摘要的特点：•篇幅短小•语言精炼•用词规范•概括完整•内容具体•独立成文文摘包括：研究目的、研究对象、研究方法、研究结果、所得结论、结论的使用范围等。Thispaperpresents/discusses/studies/dealswith/investigatesThispaperpresentsananalysisofprinciplesofmagneticrefrigerationwithapplicationtoairconditioning.Acomparisonwithconventionalevaporation-condensationgascycledeviceispresented.Conclusionsconcerningtheapplicabilityofmagneticrefrigerationtoairconditioningaremade.Thesmartandlight,numericaldesigningandmachining,automationinperformancetestetc.representsthedevelopmentorientationforautomobilestarters.Inthispaper,principleisintroducedforthestarterwithgearspeedreducerwhichleadsthemajorityinstarterproductsnowadays.Thestateoftheartinresearchanddevelopmentforautomobilestartersbycomputer-aidedengineeringtechnologyisoverviewed.Newresearchtopicsarebroughtforthatlastfromourenterprisesrealities.英文摘要的写作1）英文摘要的种类与特点随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要；学术会议论文摘要；学位论文摘要；脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。TitleAuthor(s),addressObjectives,purpose,hypotheses..............................................………………………………Methods,materials,procedures.................................................……………………………………………………………..Results,data,observations,discussion...........................................…………………Conclusions..........................................................................2）英文摘要的组成部分a.Thispaperisperformedtostudythefree-vibrationcharacteristicsofenginecrankshaft.b.Mostalternativefuelsforinternalcombustionengineshavelowcetanenumbers.(2)方法(methodsandmaterials)Twodigitalstraingaugepressuretransducersmeasuredthevaporpressureoftheupstreamanddownstreamofthetesttube.Thisexperimentwasperformedbytestingthevibrationofautomobilebody/suspension(1)目的(objectives，purposes)Theseresultsappeartorefutetheoriginalassumptions.(4)结论(conclusions)Itwasconcludedthat/Itcanbeconcludedthat/ItisdeterminedthatItcanbeconcludedthatthenewdiagnosismethodisfeasiblethroughtheoryanalysisandexperimentson12V180typedieselengine.(3)结果与简短讨论(resultsanddiscussions)TitleAuthor(s),addressBackground,problemsthatneedtobesolved,rationaleforthepresentstudy.....................................................Objectivesandscopeofthisstudy.........................................................................................................................Outlineofthemaincontentsandresults...............................................................................................................Conclusions:.........................................................................（1）采用正规的英语和标准的术语；（2）谓语动词很简单而句子的其余成分却十分复杂；（3）大量使用be和have的变化形式做谓语动词；（4）使用不提及人的陈述句。（5）描述自己的工作时态用过去时或完成时，但陈述理论或事实要用现在时。3）英文摘要的写作特点4）撰写摘要的要点（1）英文文摘题目（Title）的第一个单词不得用The、An或A，摘要的第一句不可与题目重复；（2）取消或减少背景信息;（3）尽量简化措辞;（4）可用动词的场合，尽量避免使用动词的名词形式；（5）注意冠词用法;（6）避免使用长系列形容词或名词来修饰名词;（7）用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。Powerconsumptionoftelephoneswitchingsystemwasdeterminedfromdataobtainedexperimentally.concernstestsinvestigatesreportsdiscussesdescribesexplainsanalyzesdeterminesdemonstrateconsidersThispaperThisstudyThisprojectThisresearchOurprojectThissurvey5）摘要中的常用句型（1）描述目的b.Thispaperresearchedonthemoreinjection’seffectonengineperformanceandemissionexperimentallyandtheoretically.c.Thispaperstudiedtheapplicationofwavelettransforminsignaldenoise.a.Thispaperdiscussesthebasicidentificationtechniquesofdynamicsystems.Theobjectiveofthispaperistoanalyzetheperformanceofactiveandpassivesuspensions.Thegoal