牛津版高中英语模块六虚拟语气Grammar Focus

GrammarFocusIf:Subjunctiveclause虚拟语气从句Subjunctivemood由if引导的表示假设状态的句型，if引导了一个状语从句，与主句联合构成。共分为四种基础句型：1.纯条件的虚拟语气2.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气3.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。4.与将来状况相反的虚拟语气。1.纯条件的虚拟语气即我们所说的“主将从现”句型。Ifitrains,wewillchoosetostayathome.Iftheyworkhard,theywillalwayswin.Ifthesunrisesfromthewest,Theearthwillchangeintoanotherworld.*特殊句式Ifyoutrytoaskhim,don'tmentionmyname.youmustcatchupwithothers,ifyoufeelbeingfallenbehind.Ifyouhavemoney,youshouldhelpthepoor.Ifyouhavemoney,youmusthelpthepoor.Ifyouhavemoney,yououghttohelpthepoor.2.与现实事实相反的虚拟语气使用格式为：if+主语+一般过去式，主语+would/could/might/should/oughtto+V.原形IfIwereyou,Iwhouldtellherthetruth.Iftheywereyou.Theymightgothatway.Ifshewerefine,shecouldhelpyouwithyourwork.Iftherewerenoplanes,wehumanmightspendmuchmoretimetravellingfromNorthpoletoSouthpolethanweexpected.特殊句子IfIhadtime,Iwouldwritetheletter.IfIhadtime,Ishouldwritetheletter.IfIhadtime,Ioughttowritetheletter.Butyoucan'tsay:IfIhadthemoney,Imusthelpthepoor.×与过去事实相反的虚拟语气If的从句要用过去完成时态来写，主句则用助动词(would/could/might/should)的过去式+have+done的格式来写。表达的意思为：与过去/当时发生的事情相反的情况。IfIhadarrivedthereearlier.Imighthaverunghimup.Ifthecarhaddrivenawayafewmoreminutesearlier.Theywouldhavesurvivedfromtheterroristsattack.IfweChinesehadbeenmorepowerduringQingdynasty.WewouldhaveneverbeeninvadedbytheJapaneseNazists.Ifhehadtakenyouradvice,hewouldhaveavoidedmakingthrmistake.意为：(Ashedidn'ttakeyouradvice,hemadethemistake.)特殊部分如：havetime/havemoney与现实相反的句子：Ifshehadmoney,shewouldbuyacar.与过去相反的句子：Ifshehadhadmoney,shewouldhaveboughtthecar.与将来状况相反的虚拟语气if+主语+should+V原形，主语+would/could/might/should+V原形。表示可能性较低的说法：Ifyoushouldfailme,youcouldcutoffyourheadwhenyoucomebacktoseeme.万一你失败了，你就提头来见我。Ifitshouldrain,Iwouldstayhome.特殊句式本类型句子还可以使用祈使句。IfIshouldbelatefortherescueteam.Besuretowaitforme.Iftheyshouldrushintothehall,Justpullthetrigerandfireatthem.特别句型，省略IF的虚拟语气句型“wereto的用法，表示与常理相悖的句型。Eg.:Thepigcan'tfly.(常理，真理）猪不能飞。Ifthepigweretofly,Wewouldbefaint!如果猪都能飞，那我们会为此而昏厥。Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,Howsurprisedthesesunflowerswouldbe.If的省略如果if的从句中，若有haddone/should/were出现时，可将此类词语置于主语前，使用倒装句。If即被省略。Ifshehaddoneit,hewouldhavefeltsorry.Hadshedoneit,hewouldhavefeltsorry.Ifheshouldtelllies,Iwouldpunishhim.Shouldhetelllies,Iwouldpunishhim.Ifhewerelazy,hemightfail.Werehelazy,hemightfail.Butfor/ifonly•Butfor(若非，要不是)=without后面接名词，主句用(would/could/should)havedoneButforthehelpofSally,Iwouldhaveknockedoffthelady.Withoutcomputer,Peoplecouldhavesavedanyinformationonpaper.Ifonly(如果，假如）Ifonly后接一般过去式或是过去完成时的句子。Ifonlyshewerehere,wewouldknowtherightanswer.Ifonlytheyhadarrivedhereearlier.theywishtheyhadarrivedhereearlier.