18版：(皖、湘)定语从句

定语从句考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词为指物的mountaintopsanddarkwaters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/which。Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦考向1关系代词引导的限制性定语从句I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2015·全国Ⅰ)that/which答案解析经典品味洞察考向根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词themarket，故填关系副词where。考向2“介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句1.Whenharvestcamearound，hewasalreadysellingherbs，vegetablesandcottoninthemarketpeoplefromthetownsmetregularly.(2015·广东)答案解析where此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为otherpeople，指的是人，而且与介词to连用，所以填whom。2.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto______hewastryingtotalk，butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme，lookingannoyed.(2011·广东)答案解析whom考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是表示时间的themid-1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。考向3关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全国Ⅰ)答案解析when考查定语从句的引导词。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who。2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，____livedfromroughly551to479B.C.，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ)答案解析who由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用which引导。3.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim，theyhadtolookatMary，madeherfeellikeastar.(2012·广东)答案解析which句法错误。分析句子结构可知，dishes后跟的是定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，应用that/which引导。引导词在定语从句中作cooked的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把what删除。Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的误用ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.(2016·四川)which/that或ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.答案解析考查定语从句。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不可。考向2非限制性定语从句中关系代词的误用Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ)答案解析which此处考查which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，for在此处多余，故应删除。考向3“介词＋关系代词”的错用、多余或遗漏1.Third，weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusedinwashing，especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot，andthatwillsavemuchwater.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)答案解析考查非限制性定语从句中“代词＋of＋关系代词”，因关系词指人，并且作of的宾语，只能用whom，不能用who。2.There，Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends，oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.Ijustcan’twait.(2011·重庆)答案解析whom◆定语从句的句法功能及相关定义1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands，please.Asisknowntousall，theearthisspinningaroundthesun.专题精析考点突破3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-，no-与-body，-thing的合成词或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。关系副词：when，where，why等。◆定语从句的核心考点1.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。TherearemanyplaceswecanvisitinChina.(visit后面不能再加manyplaces/them)2.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，few等修饰时。(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?3.用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)当关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。4.关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。5.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom，whosewindowfacestheriver.6.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany(much)中，从句都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame...that...引导定语从句。如：Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.(2)先行词为句子，定语从句用as或which引导。区别：①意义上：as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。Hedidn’tpasstheexam，aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow，whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown，theearthisround.7.关系副词when，where，whywhen指时间＝in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点＝in/at/fromwhichwhy指原因＝forwhich注意：that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为theway，thetime，theday，theplace等，在口语中that常被省略。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.8.必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分；②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词；③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。②同位语从句的引导词被叫做连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定语从句)Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语从句)(4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时；②关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one为先行词)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow，fromw