现在分词做定语

The-ingform主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone-ing可以在句中作主、宾、表、定、状、宾补。注意：完成式不能用来作定语。一、the–ingform作定语anamusingstorythelaughingaudienceswimmingpoorreadingroomwritingpaperwashingmachinetherisingsunsurprisingnewsthecomingschoolyear好笑的故事正在发笑的观众游泳池阅览室书写纸洗衣机正在升起的太阳令人惊讶的消息下一学年thewalletlyingonthedesk放在桌子上的钱夹theboystandingunderthetree站在树下的男孩thegirleatinganapple吃苹果的女孩1．–ing作定语时，单个词放在被修饰词的前边；现在分词短语则必须置于其后。2．The-ingform分为动名词和现在分词两种，作定语时意义不一样.asleepingboyasleepingbag一个正在睡觉的男孩一个睡袋=aboywhichissleeping=abagforsleeping此时，-ing表示被修饰词boy发出的动作，说明其特征、特点。此时，-ing表示被修饰词bag的用途。awalkingmanawalkingstick=amanwhoiswalking=astickforwalking正在走路的人供走路用的拐杖动名词现在分词注意：动名词只能单独使用作前置定语，不能后置P54.13．现在分词作定语意义上接近一个定语从句.如：Chinaisadevelopingcountry=Chinaisacountrywhichisdeveloping.中国是个发展中国家。Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.=Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.要去徒步旅游的学生在这里签句。Isawasleepinggirlinthewaitingroom.=Isawagirlwhowassleepinginthewaitingroom.在候车室我看见一个熟睡的女孩。ThemantalkingwithourheadmasterisTom‘sfather.=ThemanwhoistalkingwithourheadmasterisTom'sfather.正和校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。4.现在分词的逻辑主语现在分词的逻辑主语就是分词所修饰的那个词。5．现在分词的意义1)现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。如：TheprofessorgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.=Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.要去徒步旅游的学生在这里签句。=TheprofessorwhoisgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.2)现在分词的被动语态(being+过去分词)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。如：ThefreewaybeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.正在建设的高速公路将直通新港码头。=ThefreewaywhichisbeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.3)．现在分词的完成式“having+过去分词”不能作定语，此时可以用一个定语从句代替。如：你了解昨天发生的事故吗?误：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidenthavinghappenedyesterday?正：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?赢得冠军的中国女子排球队于昨晚到达首都机场。误：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamhavingwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.正：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamthathadwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.二、现在分词作宾语补足语1．感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice等后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示该动作正在进行。如：Isawhimrunningdownthestreet.我看见他沿着街跑。Ifeltanantclimbingovermyleg.我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。SuddenlyInoticedherstandingoutside.突然我注意到她正站在外边。2．have,leave,deep等使役动词后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“使……处于某种状态”。如：Iwouldhavehimwaitingformeatthegateofthepark.我要他在公园门口等我。Sorry,Ikeptyouwaitingforalongtime.对不起，您久等了。Theyshutthedoorandleft,leavingthefireburning.他们关上门走开了，留下火在燃烧。1.The____boywaslastseen___neartheEastLake.(2000Shanghai)A.missing,playingB.missing,playC.missing,playedD.missed,toplay2.Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree.A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying3.Seeingthesun___abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising4._____thelastbusmeanswalkinghome.A.MissB.missedC.MissingD.IfmissingADCC