初三英语总复习之――定语从句

定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句作定语在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词，that,whichwho(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词when,where,why,关系代词或关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间其联系作用，同时又做定语从句的一个成分。一，关系代词的用法。1.that指物，有时也指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可以省略。（1）hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakestvsets.主语指物（2）Whowashurtintheaccidentthat/whichhappenedyesterday.主语指物（3）Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.主语指物（4）Thecoatwhich/thatIputonthedeskisblack.宾语可省略（5）Thebooksthat/whichtheyboughtwerewrittenbyme.宾语可省略（6）注意：which和that指物时可以互换，但that比which更常见，尤其在口语中，但要注意that可指人而which则不能指人。2.who指人，that指物外有时也指人，在从句中做主语或宾语。宾语可省略，作主语不可以省略。（1）thegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyenglishisfromengland.主语（2）theteacherwhospokeatthemeetingjustnowishavingarestinhisoffice.（3）Anyonewhowantstopasstheexammustworkhardeveryday.（4）Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballonthegroundismybrother.（5）Thegirlwho/thatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.（6）Thegirlwho/thatIlikeisn’therenow.宾语可省略（7）Heknewtheteacherwho/whom/thatwemetyesterday.3Whom指人为who的宾格。其前没有介词时可以用who代替也可省略。（1）whoistheteacherthat/whom/whoxiaoliistalkingto?(2)thedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheunitedstateslastmonthisveryfamous.注意：在定语从句中常用介词，当介词放在从句末尾时，who/that/which仍然可以省去，但把介词提到关系代词前，只能用介词加which/whom的结构。这时which不能用that代替。Whom也不可用who代替。如：theroomthat/whichIliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.注意：固定词组，不可把介词提到前边。如：herearethepicturebooksthat/whichthechickenarelookingfor.只能that不能用which引导的定语从句。（1）定语从句所修饰的词被形容词最高级所修饰时e.g.thisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.可省略。（2）定语从句所修饰的词被序数词所修饰时。Thechildrenlikethesecondlessonthatisabout”thefootballmatch”（3）定语从句所修饰的词被theonly,thevery,thesame所修饰时。ItistheonlywordthatIknowinthepassage.可省略ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那个车。（4）定语从句所修饰的词被不定代词，all,anynoeverylittlemuchmany等词修饰时，只能用that引导，但something前有the时定语从句可由which引出修饰thesomething.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.IwanteverythingthatIwantHereiseverythingthatmakeseushappy.6.d定语从句修饰词中同时含有人和物时只能用THAT.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIseeintheroom7.定语从句所修饰词为theone用that引出定语从句。Isittheonethatyouwant?可省略。8.为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后用that引出定语从句。Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace?Thesame…..that表示同一个人或物，that只起加强相同语气的作用。即便省去不改变句意，名词前的same也可省略，而thesame…as中的same和as则不能省，只表示。。。与。。。一模一样，而不一定是同一个人或物。Eg.Iwanttobuythesamebookthatyoubought.可以省略。Iwanttobuythesamebookasyoubought.二．关系副词的用法；引导从句的词除了关系代词外，还有关系副词，when,where,why.1when.指时，在定语从句中做时间状语。（1）istillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametobeijing.(2)IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.When=onwhich指theday.3.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语thisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.Iknowaplacewherewecanswim.4whose是who的所有格，在从句中用作定语，多指人。Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.Theboyswhosenameswerecalledstoodup.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.人教版新目标九年级Unit6单元语法精讲在八年级的学习中，同学们已经认识了宾语从句和状语从句，现在我们来认识一位从句家族的新成员，它叫定语从句。让我先介绍一下吧。1、结构：所谓定语，就是名词和代词的修饰成分，如agoodboy中good是定语，badweather中bad是定语。当定语需要用一个句子才能表达完整时，就出现了定语从句。与前面的good和bad的位置不同，定语从句要放在名词或代词的后面，这时的名词或代词叫做先行词，而从句应翻译在先行词的前面。如：Iknowthegirlwhoisrunning.我认识那个正在跑步的女孩。（先行词）（定语从句）（定语从句）（先行词）Canyouseethebookthatisonthetable?你看见桌子上的那本书了吗？（先行词）（定语从句）（定语从句）（先行词）2、关系代词的使用：以上两个例句中的who和that就是定语从句中的关系代词。关系代词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个结构，代替先行词在从句中充当的成分。同学们可以参照下表来学习：关系代词指代范围例句that：在从句中可以作主语或宾语指代人①ThatisthePEteacherthatplayssoccerbest.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。②Heisn’tthepersonthatItalkedtojustnow.（作宾语）他不是刚才我与之谈话的那个人。指代物③Ilikethecatthathasfourwhitefeet.（作主语）我喜欢那只长着四只白色爪子的猫。④ThisisthecatthatIlikebest.（作宾语）这就是我最喜欢的那只猫。who:在从句中可以作主语whom:在从句中可以作宾语指代人⑤ThatisthePEteacherwhoplayssoccerbest.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。⑥Heisn’tthepersonwhomItalkedtojustnow.（作宾语）他不是刚才我与之谈话的那个人。which:在从句中可以作主语或宾语指代物⑦Canyoushowmetheclothingstorewhichisthenearest?(作主语)你能指给我最近的服装店吗？⑧Thebookwhichyou’relookingforisTom’s.(作宾语)你正找的那本书是汤姆的。whose:在从句中作定语指代人⑨Doyouknowtheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher?你认识那个他妈妈是咱们数学老师的男孩吗？指代物⑩Myunclehasboughtanewcarwhosecolorislightblue.我叔叔买了一辆颜色是浅蓝色的新车。使用关系代词时要注意，关系代词在从句中作宾语时是可以省略的，如上表中的②④⑥⑧四个例句，还可以理解为：在从句中已有独立主语的情况下，关系代词可以省略。1.Thetown_______wevisitedafewyearsagoismuchlargethanbefore.A.itB.whoC.whichD.when2.Mianyangisabeautifulcity______attractsmillionsoftouristseachyear.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.who3.Ilikethemusic_________Icandanceto.A.thatB.whoseC.whenD.who4.---Doyouliketheredcar______ismadeinTianjin?---Sure,itlooksterrific.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.when5.I’mafootballfan.I’minterestedineverything______________isaboutthe2006WorldCup.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.when6.一Isthegirl______isinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend?一Yes，sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose7.Thespaceship_______willbelaunched(发射)in2008willbecalledShenzhouVII.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.when8.Thenumberofpeople________losttheirlivesinIndonesianearthquake（印尼地震）reachedasmanyas6200.A.whichB.whoC.whomD./9.Themovieisaboutatruestory_____happenedinKoreain1945.A.itB.whoC.whichD.when10.A.AgirlcalledLiuFangyantakesgoodcareofherblindmother.同意句变化B.Thegirlwho_____________LiuFangyanlooksafterherblindmothercarefully.答案：1、C2、B3、A4、C5、B6、C7、B8、B9、C10、iscalled初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习I.单项填空1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he’sourhea