5 A Comparison between C and E

脑残Yourbrainhastwoparts:theleft&theright.Yourleftbrainhasnothingright,andyourrightbrainhasnothingleft.AComparisonbetweentheChineseandEnglishLanguages1.OriginChinese(characters/calligraphiclanguage象形文字):Sino-TibetanfamilyEnglish(letters/alphabeticlanguage字母文字):Indo-Europeanfamilynotcognatelanguages同源语Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyBalto-slavic波罗斯拉夫语族Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族Indo-Iranian印伊语族Armenian亚美尼亚语族Italic意大利语族Celtic凯尔特语族Germanic日耳曼语族Hellenic希腊语族Prussian普鲁Lithuanian立陶宛语Polish波兰语Bulgarian保加利亚语Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语Russian俄语Czech捷克语Persian波斯语Hindi印地语Bengali孟加拉语Romany吉普赛语Portuguese葡萄牙语Spanish西班牙语Italian意大利语Roumanian罗马尼亚语French法语Irish爱尔兰语Breton布列塔尼语Scottish苏格兰语Welsh威尔士语Norwegian挪威语Icelandic冰岛语Danish丹麦语Swedish瑞典语English英语German德语Greek希腊语现代2.HistoryChinese:甲骨文经文篆文隶书楷书……OldEnglish:449-1100MiddleEnglish:1100-1500ModernEnglish:1500-asillyperson:happy→naïve→foolish3.VocabularyC:49,030characters;countlesswordsandexpressionE:26letters;600,000wordsAfewcounterparts:黑板blackboardC：reverseorder互相相互；人工工人2oppositewords左右领袖4.Morphologythesamepartofspeechnotionalwords实词functionalwords虚词C:moremodalauxiliaries语助词E:moredefinitearticles5.Syntax/waysofthinkingbasicstructure:S+V+OC:endweight/induction归纳E:frontweight/deduction演绎Eg.Ithoughthimamanoffewwords,asheseldomspokeonthefewoccasionswhenwemet.Eg.Ithoughthimamanoffewwords,asheseldomspokeonthefewoccasionswhenwemet.我以前见过他几次，他很少说话，我还以为他是一个不善言谈的人。6.NatureC:parataxis意合：流水句法logicE:hypotaxis形合：竹节句法conjs.E-Ctranslation:splitandrearrangeEg.Youdon’thavetotakeheavyclotheswhenyougotoBangkokwhichhasoneofthehighestaveragetemperatureofanycityintheworld.Eg.Youdon’thavetotakeheavyclotheswhenyougotoBangkokwhichhasoneofthehighestaveragetemperatureofanycityintheworld.曼谷是世界上平均气温最高的城市之一，你去那没必要带厚衣服。Englishsentence:onemajorverb+P.P,adj.,noun.phrase,inf.,gerund,clause……Eg.Incaseofnon-delivery,wemustreturnthelettertothesender.Eg.Incaseofnon-delivery,wemustreturnthelettertothesender.信件如无法投递须退还寄件人。C:analytic分析E:synthetic综合,inflexious屈折(tense,aspect,case,form……）Eg.Herangmethreetimesyesterday.7.Minordifferences(1)PartofspeechC:moreverbsE:morenouns,prepsEg.I’monyourside.Alittleofeverything,andnothingatall.吃一堑，长一智。Eg.I’monyourside.我站在你一边。/我支持你。Alittleofeverything,andnothingatall.凡事都来一点，终究一事无成。吃一堑，长一智。Afallinthepit,againinthewit.(2)PronsinEnglish,correspondingnounsinChineseEg.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.Heisnotrichwhoisnotsatisfied.醉翁之意不在酒。Eg.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.谁笑到最后谁笑到最好。Heisnotrichwhoisnotsatisfied.人不知足，虽富犹穷。醉翁之意不在酒。Hethatwipesthechild’snosekissesthemother’scheek.(3)NosubjectinChinese,SubjectinEnglishEg.Youmustlearntocrawlbeforeyouwalk.要下雨了，回家吧。Eg.Youmustlearntocrawlbeforeyouwalk.要学走，先学爬。要下雨了，回家吧。Itisgoingtorain,wemustgohome.(4)RepetitioninChineseEnglishwithinsentences:avoidrepetition,usesynonymsacrosssentences:optionalEg.Youshoulddowhateveryouareaskedtodo.非洲人民正在为非洲的解放进行艰苦的斗争。Eg.Youshoulddowhateveryouareaskedtodo.叫你做什么，你就做什么。非洲人民正在为非洲的解放进行艰苦的斗争。ThepeopleofAfricaarewedginghardstruggletowinthecompleteemancipationofthecontinent.(5)C:personalnounsE:impersonalnounsEg.Themedicinewillputyouright.七点钟汤姆准时起床。Eg.Themedicinewillputyouright.你吃了药就会好的。七点钟汤姆准时起床。Seveno’clockfoundTomup.（6）C：moreactivevoice主动语态E：morepassivevoice被动语态Eg.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,somefewtobechewedanddigested.这个问题要搞清楚。Eg.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,somefewtobechewedanddigested.有的书浅尝即可，有的书可以狼吞虎咽，少数书籍则需咀嚼消化。这个问题要搞清楚。Thisissueshouldbemadeclear.exercises１.Yourveryappearancewillmakesurethesuccess.２.Fromeachaccordingtohisability;toeachaccordingtohisneeds.３.Itiseasytoswimifanotherholdsupyourhead.４.中国的影响，中国的成就在美国随处可见。５.他突然发怒了。６.我对他心里不快活。answers１.你一来，事情就办成了。２.各尽所能，按需分配。３.有人帮忙好办事。４.ThesignsofChina’sinfluenceandsuccessaboundinAmerica.５.Asuddenfuryseizedhim.６.I’mannoyedwithhim.NextweekLecture:Wordtranslation:conversionBringdictionarywithyou