新西兰简介

HistoryofNewZealand4.After1840SettlementofNewZealandfromtheBritishIsles（不列颠群岛）andAustraliabeganinearnestafterthesigningoftheTreatyofWaitangi.TheEuropeanpopulationofNewZealandgrewfromabout1,000inthe1830stonearly60,000in1858,andthenrocketedto500,000bytheearly1880s.LikeAustralia,foralongtime,NewZealandhadfollowedthepolicyofBritainanddependedonBritainforprotection.YetduringandaftertheSecondWorldWar,NewZealandbegantoshiftitsallegiance[效忠]awayfromBritaintowardtheUnitedStates.In1951,NewZealandsignedtheANZUSTreaty《澳新美安全条约》withtheUnitedStatesandAustralia.GeographyTheGeographicalFeatures:NewZealandisintheSouthernPacificOcean,halfwaybetweentheequator（赤道）andtheSouthPole.Ithastwomainislands:NorthIslandandSouthIsland.MtCook（库克山）:thehighestpeak,3,754metershigh;LakeTaupo（陶波湖）:thelargestlake,itis40kmlongand27kmwide.EthnicandlanguageMāoripeopleInthe2013census,74.0%ofNewZealandresidentsidentifiedethnicallyasEuropean,and14.9%asMāori.OthermajorethnicgroupsincludeAsian(11.8%)andPacificpeoples(7.4%),ofwhichtwo-thirdsliveintheAucklandregion.Thepopulationhasbecomemorediverseinrecentdecades:in1961,thecensusreportedthatthepopulationofNewZealandwas92%Europeanand7%Māori,withAsianandPacificminoritiessharingtheremaining1%.TheMāoriwerethefirstpeopletoreachNewZealand,followedbytheearlyEuropeansettlers.EnglishisthepredominantlanguageinNewZealand,spokenby96.1%ofthepopulation.NewZealandEnglishissimilartoAustralianEnglish.AftertheSecondWorldWar,Māori(3.7%)werediscouragedfromspeakingtheirownlanguageinschoolsandworkplacesanditexistedasacommunitylanguageonlyinafewremoteareas.FoodandcultureinNewZealandNewZealandFoodissimilartoAustralianfood:boththeirrootsareinBritishandIrishfoods.Theircuisineisbasedonseafood,mutton,wildporkorfowl,fatlamb,andkumara.Themethodofcookingistheearthoveninwhichstonesareheatedbyfire,thefireisextinguishedsothatthestonessteam,andalargesealedbasketcontainingthefoodisburiedoverthestonesandlefttocookforseveralhours.Whentheygatherformeetings,menandwomenjointlyhelppreparethefood;mendigthehole,placethestones,buryandremovethefood.Festivals·NewYear'sDay·WaitangiDay·EasterDay·Halloween·ChristmasDayHalloweenHalloweeninNewZealandisthesameasinotherwesterncountries,suchas…18PumpkinLightsWearingMasksDressinglikeGhostsNewZealandNationalDayTheNewZealandNationalDayisalsocalledWaitangiDay.WaitangiDaynamedafterWaitangi,wheretheTreatyofWaitangiwasfirstsignedon6February1840.TheTreatymadeNewZealandapartoftheBritishEmpire,guaranteedMāorirightstotheirlandandgaveMāoritherightsofBritishsubjects.MāorihavegenerallyseentheTreatyastheirnation'sfoundingdocumentandasymbolofBritishhumanitarianism.Whatcelebrationdotheyhold?TheannualNationalDay,theNewZealandgovernmentwillorganizeaseriesofcelebrationactivities.Peoplecelebrateinthecapital,Wellington.Thefirstisaformalceremony.ThewholecountrycelebratedtogetherinNewZealandfoundingdocuments-thebosomtang'streatysigned.Solemnceremonybeganmaraeinprayerintheearlymorning.Peoplewillbeinchurchactivitiesorganizationandleadingdowntothehobsonconsularbosomtangyitreatynegotiationsofthebay.Followedforuptofiveorsixhoursofliteraryandartisticactivities.TheroyalNewZealandnavyandairforceperformanceandamilitaryparade,traditionalMaoricabaret,aswellasawidevarietyofsportsandculturalactivities.Activityisabitlikeourcommunityperformance，giveprioritytowithamateurtheMaoridance,thereareoneortwosmallcountryfolkdance,alsowithoneortwoprofessionalsinginginthemiddle.NewZealandfamousartists,theorchestrawillalsobegreeted.Otherrecreationalactivities,groupslikecompetitivegames.Inthecelebrationeveryyear,rowingacrossthestraitisamust-havefestival.Accordingtolegend,thefirstlandingontheislandofNewZealandMaoripeoplefirst,whichisdrivingthecanoes,acrosstheoceanarrivinghere.InNewZealand,peoplecelebratetheirNationalDayonsixthofFebruary.NewZealanderdecoratetheirhousesandstreetswiththeSingaporeflag.AndMāoridecoratetheirhouseswithredandwhite.Andtheyalwayshavethefireworkspartyintheevening.TheyalwaysperformingtheMāoriwardance.ThedietoftheNewZealandWaitangiDayForNewZealanders,thefestivalisimportant.Soasaspecialfestival,thepeoplewillgotoarestauranttohonorthefestival.Intherestaurant,theywillordersomedeliciousfoodtoexpresstheirinnerjoy.Forexample,NewZealanduniquedessert-Creamproteincrisp,kiwifriut,salmon,greenshell,lambchop,freshoyster,lobsterandsoon.TheNationalDayholidayinNewZealandTheNationalDayholidayinNewZealandhasonlyoneday.ThefollowingpicturesareNewZealandtree'sleafandflower.Thetree'snameisfern.ThefernbecameNewZealandtreebecauseofitstenaciousvitality.That'sall.Thankyou!