英语议论文写作理论

ArgumentativeWritingDefinition•Anargumentativeessayisattempttochangethereader'smind,toconvincethereadertoagreewiththepointofvieworopinionofthewriter.Therefore,itissupposedtobehighlypersuasiveandlogical.TheCourse(过程)ofArgumentativeWriting•Generallyspeaking,argumentativewritingistheactofformingreasons,makinginductions,drawingconclusionsandapplyingthemtothepointthatisunderdiscussion.Featuresofmainproposition•Asforthethesisstatement,•First,itshouldnotbesomethingself-evident.•Second,itshouldbeabletobringaboutentirelydifferentopinionsorviews.•Third,itshouldbeunifiedinitsfocus,i.e.ideasshouldbeconnectedwitheachother.•---adebatablepointParagraphStructure•Writinginargumentativestylerequires:•1.Introduction•2.Body•3.ConclusionIsJoggingtheBestWaytoKeepFit?Supportingideas:•Itisnotcostlyandeasytotakeup•Youneedn’tgothroughspecialtraining•Itdoesn’trequirespecialequipmentexceptforapairofrunningshoes.•Youcanjogwithoutthelimitsoftime•Itdoesgoodtoyourhealth:itexercisesyourlungsandmusclesandimproveyourgeneralhealthconditions.Brainstorming•Opposingideas:•Itismonotonous;Itlacksexcitement•Asanoutdooractivity,itdependsalotonweatherconditions.•InbigcitiesinChina,itisnoteasytofindsomefreeplaceforjogging.•Cue:•Wh-questions,esp.why,what,how段落的层次性TopicsentenceSupportingsentencesSupportingsentencesDetailsDetailsDetailsDetailsIntroduction•Theintroductorypartofanargumentativeessaycontainsabriefdescriptionofthetopic,includingdifferentopinionsaboutit,andaclearstatementofthewriter'sstand(thesisstatement).Itsetsoutthetoneoftheessay,asanideacanbearguedmildlyorforcefully.AnExample•Nowadaystheinternethasbecomepartofpeople’slives,andmillionsofyoungpeoplehavemadefriendsonline.•Isitwisetomakefriendsonline?•Currentlythepublichaspaidgreatattentiontothedebateconcerningwhetheritiswiseornottomakefriendsonline.Takingallthefavorableandunfavorableaspectsintoaccount,Istandfirmlyonthesidethatwecanbenefitfrommakingfriendsonline.Thispointofperspective,Ibelieve,sharedbythelargestproportionofthepublic,canbeexplainedinthefollowingtangiblereasons.•WiththeoverwhelmingdevelopmentofInternet,neverhasbeenacommunicationtool,likeMSNorQQ,thatmakespeoplecontactwitheachotherusingsuchaconvenientandextensivemethod.However,isitwisetomakeacquaintancewithcyberfriendsthroughouttheglobeevenwheneachother’sidentityissecretlyclassified?Myanswerisno.•Athesisstatementisgenerallylocatedintheintroductionofthepaperandmaysomtimesbelocatedwithinthebodyofthepaperorintheconclusion,dependingonthepurposeofthepaper.Whencomposinganarguablethesis,youmust:•Letthereaderkonwthemainideaofpaper.•Answerthequestion:WhatamItryingtoprove?•Rememberathesisstatementisnotafactualstatement,butaclaimthathastobeproventhroughoutthepaper.Body•Thispartoftheargumentativeessayisbuiltuponthedebatablethesisstatementmadeintheintroductoryparagraphandprovidessupportforit.•Thedebatablestatementsarenotstatementsoffactsbutoneswithwhichothermayormaynotagree.•Whatyouneedtodoistopersuadeotherstoagree.Firstly,internet,asamassmedium,providespeople,whoareapatheticandhavegotnoideaabouthowtomakeanacquaintancewithastranger,achancetomakefriends.Thosepeoplemaybetooshyornervousortheyareafraidofbeingrefusedbyothers.Thingsturntobequitedifferentwhensittinginfrontofthecomputerscreen.Peoplewhoarescaredtomakefriendscantalkwithothersmorenaturallyandconfidentlyonline.Secondly,itiswellacknowledgedthatwecanlearnalotfromoure-pals.Ifourfriendonlinewereaforeigner,wecanpracticeEnglishwithhimorher.What’smore,wecanhaveaglimpseofgeneralinformationofanothercountry，suchastheculture,thetradition,thecustomorthegeography.•Admittedly,makingfriendsonlinebringusagreatamountofjoyandunimaginedstimulatingexperience.Nevertheless,aswecanonlycommunicatepeoplethroughwordsorimages,someonewithulteriormotivesmayhidebehindthescreenwaitingforamomenttoconspire(密谋)hisillegalactions.Justasthejoketells,a21yearsoldprettygirlmayturnouttobean80yearsolduglydrunker.Inaddition,peopleareeasilygettingaddictedtothisfictitiousrelationshipandlosingtheabilityofsurvivingintheirreallivingenvironment.Netcommunicationcannevertaketheplaceofafacetofacetakingorafamiliarattractingexpression.Whatismore,whoareyouturningintowhenemergencyhappens,someonethousandsmilesfarawaythatyouevendon’tknowabouthisname,orthenextdoorneighborswhosmileatyoueverymorning?Toattackouropponent'sargument,wecanadoptoneofthefollowingmethods:•Demonstratethatouropponent'sargumentiscompletelywrong.•Showthatouropponent'sargumentisweak(becauseitisbasedoninsufficient,outdated,misinterpretedorbiasedinformation).•Agreethatouropponent‘sarguementisvalidbutshowourpointsaremorecompelling(有说服力的).Conclusion•Conclusioncontainsthelastwordsthatawriterwillpresenttotheaudience.Therefore,itshouldemphasizethemainpointandshouldhaveastrongimpact.•Theaimistoconvincethereaderthattheessayhasallthemostimportantargumentsabouttheissueandthatyourmainideaisthebestpisitionontheissue.•Youshouldn'tpresentanynewargumentsinyourconclusion.•Fromwhathavementionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthatmakingfriendsonlinecandoussomegood.Andcommunicationonlineishavingagre