猫胃肠道寄生虫

FelineGastrointestinalParasites猫胃肠道寄生虫MichaelR.Lappin,DVM,PhD,[e-mail]常见的胃肠道感染§Nematodes线虫•Rounds蛔虫•Hooks钩虫•Whips(dogs)鞭虫（犬）•Heartworm心丝虫§Flagellates鞭毛虫•Giardia贾第鞭毛虫•Tritrichomonas三毛滴虫§Cestodes绦虫•Taenia§Viral病毒•Parvoviruses细小病毒•Distemper(dogs)犬瘟热（犬）•Coronaviruses冠状病毒•FeLV•FIV§Coccidians球虫•Cystoisospora等孢子球虫•Cryptosporidium隐孢子虫•Toxoplasma弓形虫•Neospora新孢子球虫§Bacterial细菌•Bacterialovergrowth细菌增生•Campylobacter变形杆菌•Clostridium梭菌•Helicobacter螺旋杆菌•Salmonella沙门氏菌•E.coli大肠杆菌PrevalenceofentericzoonosesindogsandcatsoftheUnitedStates美国犬猫肠道人畜共患病的流行率AdultdogsAdultcatCats1yr(n=130)(n=206)(n=263)钩虫Ancylostomaspp.0.8%0.0%0.0%变形杆菌Campylobacterspp.0.8%1.0%0.8%隐孢子虫Cryptosporidiumspp.3.8%5.4%3.8%贾第鞭毛虫Giardiaspp.5.4%2.4%7.2%沙门氏菌Salmonellaspp.2.3%1.0%0.8%犬弓首蛔虫Toxocaracanis3.1%0.0%0.0%猫弓首蛔虫Toxocaracati0.0%3.9%32.7%鼠弓形虫Toxoplasmagondii0.0%0.0%1.1%Anyzoonoticagent任何人畜共患因素14.6%13.1%40.7%Coloradodogs;HackettandLappin,2002Coloradocats;Hilletal,2000NewYorkStatecats,Spainetal,2001WhyareGIparasitesimportant?为什么胃肠道寄生虫重要？§Pethealth宠物健康§Humanhealth人类健康•Zoonoses人畜共患病EntericZoonoses肠道人畜共患病§Transmission传染•Directcontactwithanimal直接与宠物接触–Uncommon!!不常见！！–Smallfecalvolume少量的粪便–Someagentsnotimmediatelyinfectious非立即传染的因素•Contaminatedvehicles污染载体–Mostlikely!!最可能！！§Speciesspecificstrains品种特异性菌株?•Giardia贾第鞭毛虫Ahealthypetwithoutectoparasitesisofminimaldangertohumanhealth!没有外寄生虫的健康宠物对人类风险最小！PrimaryGI原发性§Infectious感染§Parasitic寄生虫§GarbageGut什么都吃性肠病§Inflammatory炎症§Neoplasia肿瘤§Obstruction梗阻§Renal肾脏§Hepatic肝脏§Pancreas胰腺§Endocrine内分泌§CNS中枢神经系统§Rightheart右心SecondaryGI继发性VomitingorDiarrhea呕吐或腹泻Case1病例1§16week,maleintact,domestickitten16周龄，雄性未节育，家养幼猫§Thin消瘦§Intermittentvomiting间断性呕吐§Otherwisenormal其他正常§Mother母亲•Unthrifty精神不好•Potbelly啤酒肚•Nodeworming没有驱虫Case1:Mostlikelyparasite?病例1：最可能的寄生虫1.Toxocara弓首蛔虫2.Uncinaria钩口线虫3.Ollulanus沃鲁线虫4.Giardia贾第鞭毛虫Toxocaracati猫弓首蛔虫通过核糖体RNA的序列分析确诊的猫弓首蛔虫感染在中国的发生率Ascarids蛔虫§Clinicaldisease临床疾病§Viscerallarvamigrans脏器的幼虫移行§Falsenegativefecals!假阴性的粪便！§Dewormpuppiesandkittens!给幼犬和幼猫驱虫！Roundworms蛔虫§Toxocaraspp.弓首蛔虫•Zoonotic人畜共患§Toxascarisleonina狮弓蛔线虫•Petsonly!只感染宠物！Case2§6mo,femaleintact§6月龄，雌性未绝育§Domesticcat家养猫§Palemucousmembranes黏膜苍白•PCV=19%•Reticulocytes=178,000网织红细胞=178,000•FeLVantigennegativeFeLV抗原阴性•FIVantibodynegativeFIV抗体阴性Mostlikelyparasite最可能是寄生虫?Case2:Likelyparasite?病例2：最可能是寄生虫？1.Toxocara弓首蛔虫2.Cystoisospora等孢子球虫3.Trichuris鞭虫4.Ancylostoma钩虫UncinariaorAncylostoma钩虫§Clinicaldisease临床疾病•Bloodlossanemiaandrelatedfindings失血性贫血和相关发现•Combinedwithfleas=severeanemia并发跳蚤感染=严重贫血§Cutaneouslarvamigrans幼虫皮肤移行§Falsenegativefecals!假阴性的粪便！§Dewormpuppiesandkittens!对幼犬和幼猫驱虫！PrimaryDeworming基本驱虫§Pyrantel噻嘧啶•Ifnormalorvomiting如果正常或呕吐•Effectiveforhooksandrounds对钩虫和蛔虫有效•Misseswhipwormsindogs不能驱除犬的鞭虫§Fenbendazole芬苯达唑•Ifdiarrhea如果腹泻•Effectiveforhooks,rounds,andwhipworms对钩虫，蛔虫和鞭虫有效•AlsotreatsGiardia也能治疗贾第鞭毛虫§ManyotherproductsareeffectiveEasyStrategicDeworming§Heartwormpreventatives心丝虫预防•Monthlyadministration每个月给予•Hookwormsandroundworms钩虫和蛔虫–Selamectin赛拉菌素–MilbemycinParasitecontrolforindooranimalsisnotcrazy!室内动物的寄生虫控制并不复杂！“Vomiting”worms§Physaloptera泡翼线虫•Dogsandcats犬和猫•Crickets,beetles,cockroaches,mice蟋蟀，甲虫，蟑螂，老鼠§Ollulanustricuspis三尖壶肛线虫•Cats猫•Ingestvomitus摄入呕吐物§EGGSRARELYSHEDINFECES!虫卵罕见通过出粪便排出§DewormbeforetreatingforinflammatoryboweldiseaseWhichofthefollowingisarecommendedcomponentofthediarrheaworkup?下面哪一个推荐用以诊断腹泻？1.Fecalfloat粪便漂浮法2.Wetmount润湿涂片法3.Fecalcytology粪便细胞学4.Alloftheabove以上都是InfectiousDiarrhea感染性腹泻§Minimumdiagnosticplan最小诊断计划•Fecalflotation粪便漂浮–Zincsulfatecentrifugation硫酸锌离心–Oocysts,eggs,cysts卵囊，卵，包囊•Wetmount润湿涂片法–Trophozoites滋养体•GiardiaandTritrichomonas贾第和三毛滴虫•Rectalcytology直肠细胞学–Rapidstainofathinsmear薄玻片的迅速染色–Whitebloodcells,organisms白细胞，微生物•+/-Cryptosporidiumscreening隐孢子虫筛查Techniquestobereviewedinthenextsession下个讲座会回顾各种诊断技术“Ricegrainsaroundhisanus”“肛门周围的米粒”§3yrold,malecastrated,domesticcat3岁，雄性节育，家养猫§Hunter捕猎–miceandrabbits捕猎–老鼠和兔子§“Duncan”Whatisthelikelyparasite最可能的寄生虫是什么?Mostlikelyparasite最可能的寄生虫?1.Taenia带绦虫2.Dipylidium复孔绦虫3.Echinococcus棘球绦虫“Ricegranules”inhunters!捕猎动物身上的“米粒”Taeniaspp.带绦虫Whatifhehadfleas如果它们有跳蚤呢?1.Taenia带绦虫2.Dipylidium复孔绦虫3.Echinococcus棘球绦虫Dipylidiumcaninum复孔绦虫Echinococcosis棘球绦虫§Regionaldistribution区域分布§Dogsandcats犬和猫•Definitivehost终末宿主§Humans人类•Intermediatehosts中间宿主3%EchinococcusmultilocularisinredfoxesCatscancompletethelifecycle!3%的多房棘球绦虫可以在红狐猫身上完成生命周期！PinkareasarepositiveintheUnitedStates在美国，红色区域是阳性的§E.granulosa细粒棘球绦虫•Sheep绵羊§E.multilocularis多房棘球绦虫•Rodents啮齿动物§Praziquantel吡喹酮•UptomonthlyindogsandcatsinendemicareasCestodes绦虫§Taeniaspp.带绦虫•Carnivorism食肉动物§Dipylidiumcaninum犬复孔绦虫•Ctenocephalides节头蚤§Echinococcusspp.棘球绦虫•Carnivorism食肉动物Cestodes绦虫§Subclinicalinfection亚临床感染§Zoonotic人畜共患•Dipylidiumcaninum犬复孔绦虫•Echinococcusmultilocularis多房棘球绦虫§Diagnosis诊断•Eggs虫卵•Proglottids节片Cestodes绦虫§Diphyllobothriumlatum阔节裂头绦虫•Copepods桡足虫•Freshwaterfish淡水鱼§Spirometramansonoides拟曼森迭宫绦虫•Copepods桡足虫•Mammal,tadpoles,watersnakes哺乳