The silent way沉默法

Thesilentway主讲人：金凤华2012031146组员：高玲2012031137高瑞丽2012031134主要内容ThesilentwayDefinitionBackgroundPrincipleAimsandgoalsThreebasictenetsRoleofteacherRoleofstudentAdvantagesDisadvantagesTellmeandIforget,teachmeandIremember,involvemeandIlearn.Question:whatissilentwayinyourmind?沉默教学法背景沉默法是由英国数学家兼心理学家加蒂格诺（CalebGattegno）于20世纪70年代初创立的。加蒂格诺提倡外语学习需要学习者自己去发现（Discovery）和创造（Create），而非背诵（Remember）和重复（Repeat）。沉默教学法理论基础及目标它的理论基础是结构主义理论。语言被看作是一组与特定意义相联系的通过语法规则结合起来的语音组合。语言从其社会语境中抽离出来通过虚拟的语境教给学生。沉默教学法的总体目标是通过语言基本要素的认练，培养初学者听和说的能力。沉默法的基本特点1.语言学习的过程由静默思考到实际演练，不采用机械的重复练习；2.学习过程中，学生是主角，教师只辅助而不干预学习。教服从学，学大大超过教，充分调动学生的学习积极性；3.借助特殊的辅助教具进行教学。教师在教学过程中少说，学生多说、多活动。4.口语领先，读写随后；5.教师不直接纠正学生的错误，只是协助他们，通过多次尝试错误而求得正确知识。Definition1.TheSilentWayisalanguage-teachingmethodcreatedbyCalebGattegno（加蒂格诺）thatmakesextensiveuseofsilenceasateachingtechnique.2.Themethodemphasizestheautonomyofthelearner;theteacher'sroleistomonitorthestudents'efforts,andthestudentsareencouragedtohaveanactiveroleinlearningthelanguage.Toputitsimply,theSilentWayisamethodoflanguageteachingwhichisbasedonthepremisethattheteachershouldbesilentasmuchaspossibleintheclassroomandthelearnershouldbeencouragedtoproduceasmuchlanguageaspossible.Threebasictenets（原则）Thethreebasictenets(原则)oftheapproacharethatlearningisfacilitated（使容易）if(1)thelearnerdiscoversratherthanremembersorrepeats,(2)thatlearningisaidedbyphysicalobjects,(3)andthatproblemsolvingiscentraltolearning.Principles1.Teachersshouldconcentrateonhowstudentslearn,notonhowtoteach.2.Imitationanddrill（训练）arenottheprimarymeansbywhichstudentslearn.3.Learningconsistsoferror,deliberateexperimentation,suspendingjudgement,andrevisingconclusions.4.Inlearning,learnersdrawoneverythingthattheyalreadyknow,especiallytheirnativelanguage.5.Theteachermustnotinterferewiththelearningprocess.Aims&GoalsThegeneralgoaloftheSilentWayistohelpbeginninglevelstudentsgainbasicfluencyinthetargetlanguage,withtheultimateaimbeingnear-nativelanguageproficiencyandgoodpronunciation.Animportantpartofthisabilityisbeingabletousethelanguageforself-expression;studentsshouldbeabletoexpresstheirthoughts,feelings,andneedsinthetargetlanguage.Studentsareencouragedtoactivelyexplorethelanguage,andtodeveloptheirown‘innercriteria‘astowhatislinguisticallyacceptable.TheroleoftheteacherTheroleoftheteacheristhatoftechnicianorengineer.Theteacher'staskistofocusthestudents'attention,andprovideexercisestohelpthemdeveloplanguagefacility;however,toensuretheirself-reliance(自我学习）,theteachershouldonlyhelpthestudentsasmuchasisstrictlynecessary.AsGattegnosays,“Theteacherworkswiththestudent;thestudentworksonthelanguage.”Forexample,teacherswilloftengivestudentstimetocorrecttheirownmistakesbeforegivingthemtheanswertoaquestion.Teachersalsoavoidpraiseorcriticism,asitcandiscouragestudentsfromdevelopingself-reliance(自我学习法）.Theroleofthestudentslanguagelearningisaprocessofpersonalgrowthresultingfromgrowingstudentawarenessandself-challenge.Learnersareexpectedtodevelopindependence,autonomy,andresponsibility.IntheSilentWay,alearneralsomustbeateacher,astudent,partofasupportsystem,aproblemsolver,andaself-evaluator.Anditisthestudentwhoisusuallyexpectedtodecideonwhatroleismostappropriatetoagivensituation.Advantages&DisadvantagesAdvantages：1.Studentsarethemainpartoflearning,emphasizeslearningmorethanteaching.2.Usingspecialinstrumentstoteach,whichisgoodforstudents.3.It’sfullofcreativity.4.Consistentprocessofmakingerrors,it’sgoodforstudents’individualismandresponsibility.Disadvantages:1.Ignoresthedirectionofteachers.2.Itmaywastealotoftime沉默教学法实例（步骤1）教师在墙上挂音色对应图表，彩色译音卡片和字词表；（步骤2）教师作[u]的口型,但不发音,学生猜测发音,直到有人猜对,教师点头,并指示音色对应图表上的绿色[u]符号;（步骤3)教师作[b]的口型，但不发音。学生猜测发音，直到有人猜对，教师点头，指示音色对应图表上的深绿色[b]符号；（步骤4）以此类推，让学生学会音色对应图表上着蓝色的[l]；（步骤5）教师指示音色对应图表上的[u]，学生读该音。教师再指彩色译音卡片上的oo,ue等字母组合，作[u]的口型，让学生明白这些字母组合可以读[u].其余字母组合类推；（步骤6）教师再指示彩色译音卡片上的blue，让学生发音。教师再用蓝色木条、蓝色衣服和蓝色卡片等强化蓝色的发音和词义；（步骤7）重复以上步骤，学习其它颜色词汇。Thankyou